tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-929545501115399432024-03-21T10:06:08.990-05:00The Adventures of BillyMaxBillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.comBlogger437125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-67605275667911434392016-10-03T18:51:00.002-05:002016-10-03T18:51:45.495-05:00I MADE IT!<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In time for Labor Day, a week after I left central Texas, I arrived in Marshalltown IA to spend a month with my sister -- and to enjoy a short visit from my niece, Alissa. And, eat my fill of Iowa beef and pork!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">My last nite on the road was just a few miles down the road, but didn't want to pull in late, so stayed in Chariton, IA. And look what I found on the night stand in the motel! YUP! A Gideon Bible. I wasn't sure they even made these any longer --been so long since I've seen one!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"> Welcome to Iowa!</span>BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-37486612317680955362016-10-03T18:26:00.000-05:002016-10-03T18:35:31.163-05:00GARDEN GROVE IOWA & THE MORMON TRAIL<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbb7dIhDOVHNLqkkwm86BLuO-6E_ji9eu-fGeHFlFll0XvUf_Ud2XzT1sSqxXBKN-euEVvVym3jLvltqTKx1Sn9HTYmNcTPChoOmp3IwTkzoHj1n1iKtZJyWhvzY2PshTMY0r2YTtZribT/s1600/mormon+trail+map.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbb7dIhDOVHNLqkkwm86BLuO-6E_ji9eu-fGeHFlFll0XvUf_Ud2XzT1sSqxXBKN-euEVvVym3jLvltqTKx1Sn9HTYmNcTPChoOmp3IwTkzoHj1n1iKtZJyWhvzY2PshTMY0r2YTtZribT/s400/mormon+trail+map.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 17.3333px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">T</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">he way of the Mormon travelers was not an easy one; they were met with animosity, fear, and just plain hatred along the way. On June 23, 1844, Joseph Smith and his brother, Hyrum, rode to Carthage, IL to stand trial for inciting a riot. Once in custody, the charges were increased to treason.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 17.3333px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">On June 27, 1844, an armed mob with blackened faces stormed the Carthage jail . Hyrum, trying to lock the door, was shot in the face and died instantly. Smith fired a pistol that a friend had given him for self-defense. Trying to escape through a window, he was shot multiple times before falling to the ground. He was shot several times more. Five men were later tried for his murder, all were acquitted.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Following
the Smith deaths, the Mormons began their trek across Iowa, headed
for the Great Salt Lake Valley. The first wagons left Nauvoo, IL on
Feb 4, 1846.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Although
Feb 4th felt like a spring day, they were soon facing snow and on Feb
19 another 8 inches came with a blizzard and strong wind from the
northwest. To add to their suffering, they were short on food and
their supplies were depleted within a few weeks.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Stephen
Markham headed a Pioneer Company proceeding the group to scout out
the best routes, locate trading settlements, build bridges and make
other preparations for those who followed.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">William
Pratt and his brass band provided musical entertainment not only for
the travelers but many times the band gave formal concerts to raise
funds to purchase food and supplies. Members of the party did what
they could to raise funds or barter for supplies by hiring out to
split rails, dig wells, husk corn, and other such work when they
could find it.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Spring
brought new hardships: melting snow, swollen rivers and creeks,
strong winds, constant rain, and the once frozen ground became seas
of mud. Once mired in the mud, they were lucky if they could make
more than ½ mile per day. Not only were the travelers suffering,
their draft animals were becoming weak and exhausted from the harsh
conditions and the lack of affordable feed along the way.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">By
April 25th the Mormons reached a spot approximately halfway across
Iowa and 144 miles west of Nauvoo. They named the spot Garden Grove.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">INSCRIPTION: </span></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 17.3333px;">LATTER DAY SAINTS </span></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17.3333px;">OF GARDEN GROVE</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Early in 1846 thousands of members or the church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints(Mormons) left their homs in Nauvoo, Illinois, bound for the Great Basin in the Rocky Mountains.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Moving wesward across Iowa, their advance company made camp here April 25, 1846, calling the site Garden Grove.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Within two weeks, 359 men under the leadership of President Brigham Young cleared and cut 10,000 surplus rails for fencing, and enough logs to build 40 additional houses. </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Garden grove thus became a stopover for the many emigrant wagon trains and handcart groups that followed later. Death overtook some, however, these were buried here. </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Refreshed by their stop a this place, the Mormon Pilgrims went on to the Rockies where they founded cities ane towns anmade the desert to 'blossom as the rose."</i></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Garden
Grove, located on Sac and Fox land on the eastern bank of the Weldon
Fork of the Grand River, would be the first permanent settlement that
served as a Mormon way-station from 1846 to 1852. Cabins, supplied
with well water, housed those who were unable to continue. When the
families were able to continue their journey, the cabins, surrounding
grounds, and fields served the next families arriving.</span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBPIPWM47TevVbMrg4O0138DX4Ra-Ajyj5aJ7J3YqACVEyTem3t1MQjW1RnCHxrp3I2GbVKdo7xTZblMFawKrQDkrG2EExkJRKefWE_Y51HfCCnXlIfl-pIolxSdjUG0m7r3Hjr4nJ4Hjn/s1600/morman2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBPIPWM47TevVbMrg4O0138DX4Ra-Ajyj5aJ7J3YqACVEyTem3t1MQjW1RnCHxrp3I2GbVKdo7xTZblMFawKrQDkrG2EExkJRKefWE_Y51HfCCnXlIfl-pIolxSdjUG0m7r3Hjr4nJ4Hjn/s400/morman2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Taller grass indicates outlines of the cabins.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Orson
Pratt wrote on May 10, 1846, "</span><i style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13pt;">A large amount of labour has been
done since arriving in this grove: indeed the whole camp are very
industrious. Many houses have been built, wells dug, extensive farms
fenced, and the whole place assumes the appearance of having been
occupied for years, and clearly shows what can be accomplished by
union, industry, and perseverance."</i></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Within
the first 3 weeks at Garden Grove, the Mormons had broken 714 acres
of stubborn prairie sod and 200 people were assigned to improve this
first way-station.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">A
second permanent way-station was located at Mount Pisgah, about 50
miles to the west of Garden Grove.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">From
Garden Grove, the Mormons traveled across southern Iowa to winter
quarters located near Omaha, Nebraska.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">While
he camped near Locust Creek near Corydon, Iowa, William Clayton heard
of the birth of his son back in Nauvoo. Overcome with joy, on April
15, 1946, he wrote the hymn "Come, Come, Ye Saints." This
hymn became a rallying song along the trail.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;"><i>"Come,
come, Ye Saints, no toil nor labor fear;<br />But with joy wend your
way.<br />Though hard to you this journey may appear,<br />Grace shall be
as you day.<br />'Tis better far for us to strive<br />Our useless cares
from us to drive;<br />Do this, and joy your hearts will swell -<br />All
is well! All is well!<br />. . . Shout praises to our God and
King;<br />Above the rest these words we'll tell -<br />"All is
well! All is well!"</i></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;"><i><br /></i></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Seven
Mormon families were separated from the larger body of migrants in
1846. They wintered in Clarke County, Iowa. These winter quarters
became known as "Lost Camp." The group remained in this
location until they resumed their journey to Utah in 1854.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Today
none of the original Garden Grove campsite exists. The town of Garden
Grove, however was founded near this site. The local school district
was named in honor of these early pioneers, the Mormon Trail School
District.</span></span></div>
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BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-37672120172635171672016-10-03T16:36:00.002-05:002016-10-03T16:36:23.105-05:00THE CIVIL WAR AND THE COPPERHEADS<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw0Men_LxqRHZKGvvSPKxeyZKK4zGWAsiIjxRxwDau5BPWNlWYNgpzVjnUI80ccv3LJ-4JNjCWd0V-46xwg9xzkMXupvvykvp4KuJD4Wo5RZPFYsSzVBTGVexaE3ScIzIb9SGUw-pDrjJC/s1600/copperheadpin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw0Men_LxqRHZKGvvSPKxeyZKK4zGWAsiIjxRxwDau5BPWNlWYNgpzVjnUI80ccv3LJ-4JNjCWd0V-46xwg9xzkMXupvvykvp4KuJD4Wo5RZPFYsSzVBTGVexaE3ScIzIb9SGUw-pDrjJC/s400/copperheadpin.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cartoon in Ye Book Of Copperheads, 1863</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Copperhead, also called Peace Democrat, was any citizen in the North who opposed the Civil War and advocated restoration of the Union through a negotiated settlement with the South. The New York Times used the word "Copperhead" on July 20, 1861, in reference to the snake that sneaks and strikes without warning.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Democrats accepted the label, re-interpreting the copper "head" as the likeness of Lady Liberty on the one cent coin. It should be noted that although all "Copperheads" were Democrats, not all Democrats were "Copperheads." Most northern Democrats were not Copperheads and Democratic supporters of the war were "War Democrats." Copperhead strength was mainly in the Midwest, where many families had Southern roots and where agricultural and rural interests resented the strength of industrialists in the Republican Party and the government.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In addition, groups opposed to conscription and emancipation: the Irish population in New York City, who feared that freed Southern blacks would come north and take their jobs, backed the Peace Democrats. Copperheads also found members in the ranks of those who objected to Lincoln’s repeal of some of their civil liberties. Most famously, he suspended the writ of habeas corpus, responding to riots and militia actions in border states by allowing the indefinite detention of "disloyal persons" without trial. And, there were those who simply wanted an end to the massive bloodshed.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In 1862 the Copperheads organized the Knights of the Golden Circle, which became the Order of American Knights and the Sons of Liberty. Although Republicans accused these groups of treasonable activities, there is little evidence to support it. Most Copperheads were active in politics and were more interested in defeating Republicans to keep the Democratic Party in power. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Republican prosecutors accused some prominent Copperheads of treason in a series of trials. On May 1, 1863, former Congressman Vallandigham declared the war was being fought not to save the Union, but to free the blacks and enslave southern whites. The army arrested him for declaring sympathy for the enemy. He was court-martialed by the Army and sentenced to imprisonment, but Lincoln commuted the sentence to banishment behind Confederate lines.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">On the other hand, Copperheads were able to block important war legislation on the state and federal level. At the 1864 Democratic national convention, Copperheads gained control of the party platform and inserted a plank calling the war a failure and advocating immediate peace negotiations. Party presidential candidate George McClellan (US Army General) refused to accept the Copperhead peace plank. By the end of the war, the terms Democrat and Copperhead were virtually synonymous and the Democratic Party carried the stigma of disloyalty for decades after Appomattox.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Historians agree that the Copperheads goal of restoring the Union with slavery was naive and impractical.</span>BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-34410074649323473092016-10-03T16:00:00.000-05:002016-10-03T16:00:33.672-05:00HOME! Welcome to Iowa, Part III<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">IOWA AND THE CIVIL WAR</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">During the Civil War, a disproportionate number of Iowans served the Union cause. A draft was not needed in Iowa; Iowa had 12,000 more men than their quota. Although there was a strong anti-war "Copperhead" movement with settlers of southern origins and among Southern Catholics who stayed with the Democratic party, Iowa supported the Union, voting heavily for Lincoln and the Republicans. Even though there were no battles in Iowa, the state sent large quantities of supplies and food to the armies and to eastern cities. More than 75,000 Iowa men served, primarily in units of the western armies. 13,000 died of wounds or disease. 8,500 Iowa men were wounded. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Iowa, a new state, had no militia and the treasury was nearly bare when the Civil War started. Two days after the attack on Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861, President Lincoln issued a call for 75,000 volunteers. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, telegraphed Governor Kirkwood, "Call made on you by tonight's mail for one regiment of militia for immediate service."</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The governor was at his farm near Iowa City and there were no telegraph lines in Iowa beyond Davenport. The message was carried to the governor by Davenport's Congressman Vandever. As he read the message, while doing his farm chores, the governor said, "Why, the President wants a whole regiment of men. Do you suppose I can raise so many as that, Mr. Vandever?"</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">On April 17, the governor issued a proclamation calling for volunteers and asked that they be ready no later than May 20. Within a few days, 10 regiments of men had signed up. The first regiment was formed and ready 2 weeks before the designated time. At camp in Keokuk, 10 companies of 78 men each made up this first regiment. Burlington, Muscatine, and Dubuque each sent 2 companies. Linn, Johnson, Henry, and Scott Counties, each furnished a company.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It was August, 1861, before any Iowa troops took part in an actual battle. Prior to this, Union troops had been in service in Missouri. A state divided north-south, Missouri was a battleground from the start. The troops from Iowa spent most of their time running down small bands of rebels and Missouri "bushwackers." </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A Union army of 5,400 men, under General Lyon, met 12,000 southern soldiers at Wilson's Creek near Springfield. The battle was fought on August 10, 1861. The First Iowa Regiment was in the center of a battle that lasted all day and suffered heavy losses. The Southern commander said: "Probably no two forces ever fought with greater desperation." President Lincoln ordered a special proclamation of thanks for the heroism of the men at Wilson's Creek.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The men of the First Iowa Regiment had enlisted for 3 months. Soon after the battle at Wilson's Creek their time was up and they marched home. Many of them enlisted again in new companies.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">With a population of just over 600,000, Iowa had provided 48 infantry regiments, 8 cavalry regiments, 4 artillery regiments, and one unassigned volunteer regiment before the war came to an end. After the war they returned to farm and turned Iowa into an agricultural giant. </span>BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-45404496523214322832016-10-03T15:53:00.003-05:002016-10-03T15:53:48.575-05:00HOME! Welcome to Iowa, Part II<br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">HERE COME THE IMMIGRANTS! </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Most of those who came after the land opened in 1833 were from Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Missouri, Kentucky, and Tennessee, also from New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and the Carolinas. Most came as families and many considered Iowa a 'way-station' to the intended goal of land on the prairie or to the west. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Norwegians arrived in 1840, Swedish in 1845, and Dutch in 1847. By the 1850s the largest group was the Germans with over 7,000, followed by the Irish with 4,885, England with 3,785, Canada with 1,756, the Netherlands with 1,108, 712 from Scotland, 361 from Norway, 231 from Sweden, and 19 from Denmark. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Others came to Iowa in the 1850s to start the colonies of Icaria and Amana where property was held in common. Icaria was a French colony settled near Corning, IA in 1858 as a purely socialist community. Amana was a religious colony formed by German pietists in 1855 and practiced communism until 1932.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Iowa openly recruited immigrants and formed a State Board of Immigration in 1870. Literature promoting the state, printed in English, German, Dutch, Swedish and Danish, was distributed. Immigration to Iowa continued throughout the remainder of the 19th century, peaking in 1890. In 1860, 106,081 of the 674,913 people living in Iowa were foreign-born.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Initial African-American settlement after the Civil War was in agricultural communities near the southern border, as well as in the river towns on the Mississippi and later in the coal mines. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Immigration from Italy and Croatia began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; they came to work in the coal mines. The early 20th century saw the start immigration from Mexico, and the mid-1970s immigration from Southeast Asia.</span><br />
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BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-12136520526170843332016-10-03T15:51:00.000-05:002016-10-03T15:51:11.339-05:00HOME! Welcome to Iowa, Part I<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">When I start seeing Casey's General Store signs, I know I'm getting close to home. But I was a little surprised on this trip when I started finding them just north of Fort Smith, Arkansas. But this was the first sign I saw in Iowa, close enough to lunch time to stop for a pizza</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Iowa became the 29th state Dec 28, 1846. Native Americans had been in the area for 13,000 years, but written history began when explorers arrived in the 1680s. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">With the area a French holding, the earliest non-Native settlers were French. They came to trade fur, preach, discover mines, and explore. The first to make contact with Indigenous Peoples were probably Frenchmen Louis Joliet and Pere Jacques Marquette. While conducting their mission, to discover the Mississipi River, they made contact with the Illinois tribes in eastern Iowa in 1673. The first settler appears to have been Julien Dubuque, a French-Canadian who arrived at the lead mines near modern-day Dubuque in 1787. He obtained permission to mine the land from the Meskwaki. A few others secured land grants from France.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">When the American Indians first arrived in what is now Iowa, they were hunters and gatherers living in a glacial landscape. More than 3,000 years ago, they were domesticating plants. By the time explorers came Iowa, the Natives were settled and farming with economic, social, and political systems in place. The European traders brought, not only trade goods, but disease; disease that drastically upset the population balance. The arrival of new tribes into the area from other lands brought further social and economic distress. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Approximately 15000 individual groups or settlements of Native Americans inhabited Iowa. Others, the Illinois, Sauk, Meskwaki, came due to warfare with other tribes or the French. In early and mid-19th century the Potawatomi and Winnebago moved into Iowa.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">By 1804, the Sauk and Meskwaki were on the eastern edge of Iowa along the Mississippi; the Ioway along the bank of the Des Moines River; the Oto, Missouri, and Omaha along the Missouri River; the Sioux in the northern and western parts of the state, and the Pawnee on the western border. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In 1829, the federal government claimed ownership of the Illinois land in Quashquame's Treaty of 1804 and forced the Illinois, and the Sauk and Meskwaki, to leave their villages in western Illinois and move into Iowa. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The move was made but not without protest; Sauk leader, Black Hawk, protested the move. In 1832 he returned to reclaim the Illinois village of Saukenuk. For the next 3 months, the Illinois militia pursued Black Hawk and his band of 400 north along the east side of the Mississippi River. Their numbers down to about 200, they surrendered at the Bad Axe River, Wisconsin. Known as the Black Hawk War, the price for this resistance was the surrender of their lands in eastern Iowa.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Called the Black Hawk Purchase, the 50 mile wide strip of land, from the Missouri border to northastern Iowa along the Mississippi River was surrendered. The land originally belonging to the Sauk, Meskwaki and Winnebago was acquired by treaty. The purchase was made for $640,000 on Sep 21, 1832. Black Hawk was held prisoner at the time the purchase was completed. The Black Hawk Purchase contained an area of 6 million acres and the price was equivalent to 11 cents per acre.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There were additional land surrenders by the Sauk and Meskwaki. In 1837, the Second Black Hawk Purchase and in 1842, the New Purchase, meant that by 1845 nearly all Sauk and Meskwaki had left Iowa. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Other groups gave up their Iowa land through treaties. A group of Missouri, Omaha and Oto gave up their lands in western Iowa in 1830. The Ioway left the last of their lands in 1838. The Winnebago and Potawatomi, who had left Iowa once but returned, were again removed in 1846 and 1848. The last remaining group, the Sioux, ceded the last of their Iowa land in an 1851 treaty.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">When the Winnebago were forced to leave their homeland in Wisconsin in 1840, the US government offered the tribe protection on their new temporary land in Iowa from other tribes and illegal settlers. Completed in 1842, Fort Atkinson was the only fort built to protect one Indian tribe from another. From 1840-1848, Fort Atkinson protected the Winnebago from their hostile neighbors, the Sioux to the north, and the Sac and Fox on the south. The ‘neutral ground’ was the legal land of the Winnebago. Although there were soldiers, traders, and government workers at the Turkey River Indian Subagency in the 1840s, no other settlers were authorized in the ‘neutral ground’. At the same time, this prevented the Winnebago from going beyond the limits of their reservation. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Prior to Blackhawk's defeat in Wisconsin, he had "tangled" with the US Government at Fort Madison, Iowa. Fort Madison, built in 1808, was the first permanent US military facility on the upper Mississippi. Initially used to control trade along the river, after the War of 1812 it served to prevent the reoccupation of the area by the British. It is the site of Black Hawk's first battle against the US Government, the only true military battle fought west of the Mississippi. Natives had allied with the British, during the War of 1812. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Sauk and Meskwaki were one of the largest tribes in the upper Mississippi River valley. Originally from the area of Michigan, they moved into the Wisconsin area and by the 1730s they were living in Illinois along the Mississipi and Rock rivers. They lived in their villages a few months each year, then traveled through Iowa and Illinois hunting, fishing, gathering food. In the spring, they traveled to Minnesota, tapped maple trees and made syrup. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Today, the Meskwaki reside on the Meskwaki Settlement in Tama County, IA. After they had been removed from the state, some members, along with a few Sauk, returned to hunt and fish in eastern Iowa. They approached Governor James Grimes with the request that they be allowed to purchase back some of their original land. They collected $735 for their first land purchase and eventually they bought back approximately 3,200 acres. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Black Hawk Purchase in 1832 opened up the lands to settlers. At the time, there were only 40-50 non-Natives settled in Iowa, most were trappers, traders or miners. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Earliest settlers shipped their goods via steam boat down the Mississippi River to New Orleans. Chicago was becoming a rail road hub and by 1860, Chicago served by a dozen rail lines. In the early 1850s, river communities of Dubuque, Clinton, Davenport, and Burlington began to form railroad companies. The Union Pacific and the Central Pacific would provide the nation's First Transcontinental Railroad; Council Bluffs was designated as the eastern terminus for the Union Pacific. A short time later a fifth railroad, the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad, also completed its line across the state.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Railroads provided year-round transportation for agriculture and made industry possible. Before 1870, Iowa had some manufacturing firms in river towns and most new industry was based on food processing: Quaker Oats, meat packing and processing. Railroads created a demand for coal; Iowa had coal and mines were opened. The railroads built branch lines into the coal towns. By 1919, Iowa had 240 mines that produced over 8 million tons of coal per year and employed about 15,000 men.</span></div>
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BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-88394868845753154672016-09-30T10:44:00.003-05:002016-09-30T10:44:48.936-05:00HONEY WAR POEM (SONG)<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<tt class="western"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Set
to the tune of Yankee Doodle Dandy, John L. Campbell, a satirist from
Marion County, Mo, 1839, penned the Honey War Poem --it
definitely leans toward Missouri! Lucas was the territorial Governor
of Iowa Territory and Boggs was Governor of Missouri.</span></span></tt></div>
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<tt class="western"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Ye
freemen of the happy land Which flows with milk and honey,<br />Arise!
To arms! Your ponies mount! Regard not blood nor money.<br />Old
Governor Lucas, tiger-like Is prowling 'round our borders.<br />But
Governor Boggs is wide awake - Just listening to his orders.<br />Three
bee trees stand about the line Between our State and Lucas.<br />Be
ready all those trees to fall, And bring things to a focus.<br /><br />We'll
show old Lucas how to brag, And seize our precious honey!<br />He also
claims, I understand, Of us three-bits of money.<br />Conventions,
boys, now let us hold Our honey trade demands it;<br />Likewise the
three-bits, all in gold, We all misunderstand it!<br />Why shed our
brother's blood in haste, Because "big men" require it.<br />Be
not in haste our blood to waste, No prudent men desire it.<br /><br />Now,
if the Governors want to fight, Just let them meet in person.<br />And
when noble Boggs old Lucas flogs, T'will teach the scamp a
lesson.<br />Then let the victor cut the trees, And have three-bits in
money.<br />And wear a crown from town to town, Anointed with pure
honey.<br />And then no widows will be made, No orphans
unprotected.<br />Old Lucas will be nicely flogged, And from our line
ejected.<br />Our honey trade will then be laid Upon a solid basis,<br />And
Governor Boggs, where 'er he jogs, Will meet with smiling faces.</span></span></tt><br />
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BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-10269099403585700712016-09-30T10:43:00.001-05:002016-09-30T10:43:15.430-05:00HONEY WAR -- THE SULLIVAN LINE<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Border
“wars” were not just between Missouri and Kansas. In the late
1830s, Missouri claimed a strip of land nearly 13 miles into what
many settlers considered Iowa territory. When Missouri tax collectors
cut down valuable bee trees as payment for taxes that the settlers
htad refused to pay, more than 1,200 Iowans lined up along the
disputed border with pitchforks for revenge. Today, bee trees might
not seem worth fighting for, but sugar was scarce and the settlers
relied on honey. </span><span style="color: #383836;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The
trees were valuable both for the honey, which sold for up to 37 cents
a gallon, and for beeswax, which was used in a variety of ways,
including candles.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;">
Taking a supply of honey was almost a bad as stealing a horse. </span>
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br />
</span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">In
1816, Col John C. Sullivan was one of several surveyors tasked with
surveying the Louisiana Purchase. Sullivan was to survey and mark
the boundaries of the Osage Indian lands (Missouri). His survey was
to be a "parallel of latitude which passes through the rapids of
the river Des Moines.” In error, he did not adjust his compass as
he moved east from the Missouri River. By the time he reached the
Mississippi River he had an angled boundary line 4 miles too far
north. </span>
</span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 13pt;">This
would not become important until people started moving onto the land
in the late 1830s. By this time the marks of the old Indian boundary
(Sullivan line) could scarcely be found; settlers in the area did
not know whether they lived in Iowa or Missouri. This became
significant as the Civil War approached, Missouri was a slave state,
Iowa would be a free state.</span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 13pt;">When
Missouri wrote its constitution in 1821, it described the state's
northern boundary as "the rapids of the river Des Moines”.
Problem: State and federal governments could not agree on where "the
rapids of the river Des Moines" really were.</span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 13pt;">Missouri
officials believed that the Des Moines rapids were much farther north
than the Sullivan line and sent Joseph Brown to re-survey the
boundary line in 1837. He was supposed to begin at "the rapids
of the river Des Moines" and then mark his line as he moved
westward to the Missouri River. He found a place on the Des Moines
River which he thought fit the description. Another mistake!</span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 13pt;">Brown,
like everyone else, assumed the Des Moines Rapids that Sullivan
documented in his survey lines were rapids located in the Des Moines
River. In reality, these rapids were in the Mississippi River.
Setters had dubbed a stretch of the Mississippi as "Des Moines
rapids" at a point where the river dropped 23 feet over a
22-mile span near the point where the Des Moines River emptied into
the Mississippi.</span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;">The difference
between the Brown and the Sullivan lines was about 2,600 acres of
rich farm land which officials from both Missouri and Iowa Territory
claimed. Most of the settlers living on the strip thought they had
settled in the Iowa territory.</span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #383836;">In
1838, Maj. Albert Lea, a federal surveyor, laid out four possible
boundary lines, all representing different interpretations of
historical data.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #383836;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #383836;">Missouri
Gov. Lilburn Boggs was an argumentative sort and proclaimed in August
1839, that Brown's 1837 boundary, the northernmost line, was the
state line. Almost immediately, Iowa Gov. Robert Lucas authorized
the arrest of anyone trying to exercise authority in what he called
"the seat of excitement." </span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #383836;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #383836;">So, in </span>1839
when Missouri sheriffs tried to collect taxes from settlers in what
is now the southern part of Davis and Van Buren Counties (Iowa); the
settlers refused to pay and appealed to the Iowa Territorial
Governor. Lucas warned the Missouri Governor that Missouri sheriffs
would not be permitted to collect taxes. Governor Boggs warned
Governor Lucas that the Missouri militia might be brought out to make
sure the taxes were collected.</span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Enter the bee
trees! In the disputed region there were several bee trees the Iowa
settlers valued because of the honey stored in the hollow trunks.
When a Missourian chopped down 3 of these trees the quarrel grew. An
Iowa officer tried to arrest the man but he escaped back Missouri.
<span style="color: #383836;">That
inflamed Missourians, who have never been reluctant to butt heads
over real or imagined wrongs. Missouri had been a state since 1821.
Iowa Territory was about to become one, so the legal boundary between
the two was an issue.</span> </span>
</span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #383836;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The Honey War
is underway! </span>
</span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;">Shortly after
the bee trees had been chopped down, the sheriff of Van Buren County,
Iowa, arrested Uriah Gregory, the sheriff of Clark County, Missouri,
when he tried to collect taxes. This angered the folks in Lewis and
Clark Counties in Missouri and the Missouri militia began to
assemble. Soon a thousand or more men were in camp at Waterloo, MO,
ready to invade Iowa that cold December day of 1839.</span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Governor Lucas
had been through a similar dispute with Michigan when he was governor
of Ohio. He sent a US Marshal into Van Buren County to take charge.
Lucas insisted the quarrel was not between Missouri and Iowa, but
between Missouri and the United States, since Iowa was still a
territory. If the Missouri started a war about the location of the
boundary, they would be fighting the United States, not Iowa. </span>
</span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Governor
Lucas ordered the officers of the territorial militia to call out
their men and meet at Farmington, on the border just north of
Waterloo, MO. More than a thousand Iowans answered the call, coming
from all over the territory, not just the disputed strip. As troops
gathered from both sides, people began to think that there might
really be war between Iowa and Missouri. The Supreme Court got the
case while the 2 armies were forming. </span></span>
</span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: medium;">They must have
been an odd looking bunch. Each man wore whatever he had that
resembled a uniform and brought their own weapon. There were rifles,
muskets, shotguns, pistols, long swords, short swords and rakes and
pitch forks. Stories tell of someone even showing up with a sausage
grinder to use as a weapon. I don't even want to visualize that
scenario!</span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">When the
commander of the Iowa troops at Farmington sent a peace delegation to
Waterloo, they found the Missouri troops had already gone home. There
was nothing left for the Iowa soldiers to do but to go home. Before
all had time to gather, the "war" was over. </span>
</span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;">In 1849 the
Supreme Court decided that the old Sullivan line was the true
boundary because it had been used so often in treaties. The
surveyors were ordered to remark the line. They searched for days
before finding the blazed tree that marked the original northwestern
corner of Missouri, now a decaying tree trunk. The surveyors ran the
line west to the Missouri River and east to the Des Moines River from
that point. Cast iron monuments, each weighing about 1,600 pounds,
were placed at the east and west ends of the line. Smaller iron posts
were placed every 10 miles and wooden posts placed every mile along
the boundary line.</span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">When their
work was completed and accepted by the Supreme Court, the
Iowa-Missouri boundary dispute came to an end. </span>
</span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div>
<br />
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;">One more
survey was done in 1896 at the request of the United States Supreme
Court. </span>
</div>
BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-35176360731478015832016-09-30T07:02:00.000-05:002016-09-30T07:02:30.686-05:00WAVERLY MISSOURI<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In all of my excitement to head north into Iowa, I forgot my little tidbit on Waverly, MO. A pretty litle town on the Missouri that does not need to be neglected.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After some time at Lexington, I headed back to Waverly to see a couple of sites and then pick up Hwy 65 to take me north to Iowa. After my stops at Marshall and Lexington, my get-up-and-go got-up-and-went! And I still planned on the murals at Chillicothe. I guess I put the cart before the horse since I previously posted about Chillicothe, The Home of Sliced Bread, and the murals. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Waverly is the home of Confederate General Joseph Orville "JO" Shelby. It was founded in the 1840s and was part of the "Little Dixie" area that was populated with folks moving up from Tennessee, Kentucky and Virginia. They were strongly pro-secessionist and pro-confederacy.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Waverly did not see any battles or major skirmishes during the Civil War, however, May 25-28, 1862 saw operations in Waverly involving Missouri’s 7th Cavalry. Waverly seemed to be more of a "staging" area than an actual battle site.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The City of Waverly is located in Lafayette County, overlooks the Missouri River and is surrounded by fruit orchards and vineyards. Waverly is proud to be known as "The Apple Capital of Missouri". </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A tornado killed one and did considerable damage to the city in 2006, and again, in May of 2011, a tornado touched down doing minimal damage to the town but damaged some of the area orchards and vineyards. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<br />BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-78999536551313440642016-09-29T19:10:00.000-05:002016-09-30T06:57:26.533-05:00GENERAL J. O. SHELBY<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2Z63eHBnUMArzzaFjTarmy3yl3JCndFlC14mi23vbDWQ2hbRZGPoFinjfGK5KTgewqG8_p3aEU5uEImlOuQh65ioV1lf9nOg0nBxF0L6rIg_wkgPVcKPSn01-mW0hxC2WDqDkp0S3NMoP/s1600/Joseph_O._Shelby.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2Z63eHBnUMArzzaFjTarmy3yl3JCndFlC14mi23vbDWQ2hbRZGPoFinjfGK5KTgewqG8_p3aEU5uEImlOuQh65ioV1lf9nOg0nBxF0L6rIg_wkgPVcKPSn01-mW0hxC2WDqDkp0S3NMoP/s1600/Joseph_O._Shelby.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">SHELBY THE WARRIOR</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Joseph Orville Shelby was born in Lexington, Kentucky, Dec 12, 1830 to a wealthy, aristocratic family that took pride in family veterans back to the American Revolution. His father, a wealthy planter and hemp rope producer, died when he was 5; his mother married Benjamin Gratz, a wealthy merchant and landowner. At Transylvania University he was educated and trained in business. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">After receiving a substantial inheritance at the age of 21, Shelby moved to Waverly, MO. With his step-brother, Henry Howard Gratz, he started the Waverly Steam Rope Company, making rope from hemp. He owned a 700 acre plantation and also owned steamboats on the Missouri River. One of the largest slave-holders in the state, during the "Bleeding Kansas" free-state/slave-state struggle, he led a company of pro-slavery raiders across the border into abolitionist Kansas in cross-border raids in the late 1850s.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">July 22, 1858, he married a distant cousin; they had 7 children. By 1860, due to his own poor management, Shelby was in financial decline and he was forced to sell the rope company, plantation, and his slaves.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Like many pro-Southern Missourians, the Camp Jackson Affair in St. Louis, May 10, 1861, when Union forces captured a unit of secessionists at Camp Jackson, angered Shelby. Union General Nathaniel Lyon’s militia fired upon a civilian mob and killed 28 people.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Frank Blair, a Kentucky cousin (and brother of Lincoln’s Postmaster General, Montgomery Blair) was stationed in St. Louis. Blair offered Shelby a Union commission when the War started but Shelby refused the offer.<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd8fvgLAf5xOXFwMJUt2U-hs9tZelHO-Z7iC02bd0oDpdQ9CzuRCSvxI7w1PtIX0DMwuOI0QGPkfImxM2lrIDPht87y6OobBAFO1WjiiRMEuN0tPT7FDdeWQDHT8hvaDZTUPUHTjqhrL8Q/s1600/shelbymon1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd8fvgLAf5xOXFwMJUt2U-hs9tZelHO-Z7iC02bd0oDpdQ9CzuRCSvxI7w1PtIX0DMwuOI0QGPkfImxM2lrIDPht87y6OobBAFO1WjiiRMEuN0tPT7FDdeWQDHT8hvaDZTUPUHTjqhrL8Q/s400/shelbymon1.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">SHELBY MEMORIAL PARK, WAVERLY MO</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In 1861, at the Methodist Church near his plantation, Shelby recruited hundreds of men to the Confederate cause in a matter of hours. He outfitted them with his own money and offered them to the service of Missouri’s pro-secessionist governor, Claiborne F. Jackson. These men became the core of his Iron Brigade named for their toughness. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Shelby saw action at Carthage and Wilson’s Creek, MO, in 1861 before going to northwest Arkansas with Sterling Price’s Missouri State Guard, Feb 1862. As part of the Confederate Army of the West, his company saw action at the Battle of Pea Ridge. He led his cavalry east of the Mississippi River with the rest of the Confederate army in April 1862, but soon returned west. He was recognized for his leadership skills and talent, and promoted to Colonel, Oct 27, 1862, and given command of the “Iron Brigade.” He commanded this brigade at Prairie Grove Arkansas and throughout the Trans-Mississippi campaign. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In 1863, he was promoted to brigadier general and continued to lead his men against Union forces until the end of the war.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Shelby served with distinction during the war, but when it came to an end, he and several hundred members of the Iron Brigade were not ready to surrender. Shelby led 600 of his men to Mexico where Emperor Maximilian granted them permission to start a colony near Vera Crduz, called “Carlota”. For their refusal to surrender, they were called "the undefeated.” This became the title of a 1969 John Wayne movie loosely based on Shelby’s actions.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Two years later, Emperor Maximilian was overthrown and Shelby returned to the United States. Union soldiers had burned down the Shelby home and all outbuildings, so, in 1867, when Shelby and his family returned to Missouri, they began farming in Adrian, MO. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlriwfLczh3ESLedX6wjMMx9vL4OxuldUOIK-ttQhu2PBEgXkFGWqILvzIHa-M0_ShWDs3O9l1VJYCsxJzDqSkDfEXLYuS8Nw_yxjQxTa6-BmHcolFArKP3ayUh1xzAk4t3eLvhZOB6dJA/s1600/Shelby016843.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlriwfLczh3ESLedX6wjMMx9vL4OxuldUOIK-ttQhu2PBEgXkFGWqILvzIHa-M0_ShWDs3O9l1VJYCsxJzDqSkDfEXLYuS8Nw_yxjQxTa6-BmHcolFArKP3ayUh1xzAk4t3eLvhZOB6dJA/s1600/Shelby016843.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">SHELBY THE MARSHAL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In 1893, President Grover Cleveland appointed him U.S. Marshal for the Western District of Missouri. By this time Shelby had put the war behind him and selected an African-American to serve as his Deputy. When critics complained, Shelby declared, “I am right in what I have done, and by the right I propose to stand.” He served as a US Marshal for the last 4 years of his life. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">He voiced regret for his actions in the Border Wars, telling historian William Elsey Connelley, “I was in Kansas at the head of an armed force. I was there to kill Free-state men. I did kill them. I am now ashamed of myself for having done so. I had no business there. No Missourian had any business there with arms in his hands.” </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Before he became a Marshall, Shelby was believed to have played a role in the acquittal of outlaw Frank James. In 1883, Shelby testified in court as a character witness for Frank James. He had known James during his days as a Civil War guerilla. Shelby encouraged the jurors to see Frank James as a defender of the South against corrupt big businesses from the North. When asked to identify Frank in the courtroom, Shelby exclaimed: “Where is my old friend and comrade in arms? Ah, there I see him! Allow me, I wish to shake hands with my fellow soldier who fought by my side for Southern rights!”</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Shelby died of pneumonia on his farm near Adrian, MO, on Feb 13, 1897, and was buried in Kansas City, Missouri.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Shelby led his Iron Brigade of the Missouri volunteers on what was to be the longest cavalry raid of the war at that time, Shelby's Great Raid. Between Sep 22 and Nov 3, 1863, Shelby's brigade traveled 1,500 miles through Missouri, inflicting over 1,000 casualties on Union forces, and capturing or destroying an estimated $2 million worth of Federal supplies and property. He was promoted to brigadier general on Dec 15, 1863, at the successful conclusion of his raid.<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivP6bfnFCKKRsZYDi0HpGDRGmgDtORDde-VMwxqfbcQJiQYHlv6fYcg17aWwcoYS_5c2xoEqoKO0ZacmyHBf_9aDMlFN4MbgoIsoIjXI_2p4528ILNUKT4Fc5ZTYoDTp0ci8b9TjwZQ8Ev/s1600/shelbymon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivP6bfnFCKKRsZYDi0HpGDRGmgDtORDde-VMwxqfbcQJiQYHlv6fYcg17aWwcoYS_5c2xoEqoKO0ZacmyHBf_9aDMlFN4MbgoIsoIjXI_2p4528ILNUKT4Fc5ZTYoDTp0ci8b9TjwZQ8Ev/s400/shelbymon.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">SHELBY MEMORIAL, WAVERLY, MO</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Jo Shelby was one of the most interesting characters of the Civil War. An untrained officer, he rose to be regarded as one of the best cavalry commanders of the war. His legend still lives in the John Wayne movie, "The Undefeated." He was remembered for many years by the men who served with him: </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ho Boys! Make a Noise!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Yankees are afraid!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The river's up, hell's to pay—</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Shelby's on a Raid!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Shelby became a folk hero to the people of the devastated Southland, and is still considered one of the greatest Confederate Cavalry leaders. General JEB Stuart, would later remark, "Shelby was the best cavalry general of the South. Under other conditions, he would have been one of the best in the world"</span>BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-8792342722755361032016-09-29T18:52:00.000-05:002016-09-29T18:52:19.390-05:00SHELBY'S GREAT RAID THROUGH MISSOURI<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Colonel J.O. Shelby's Great Raid was an 1863 Confederate cavalry raid through the Trans-Mississippi Theater during the Civil War. He fought numerous skirmishes throughout Missouri before retreating back to Arkansas. Shelby's reputation as a cavalry commander was made during these raids.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Shelby left Arkadelphia, Arkansas, with his "Iron Brigade" on Sep 22, 1863, crossing behind Union lines to begin his raid. Shelby characterized the Union troops as the, “…terror to the country, the insulters of unprotected women, and the murderers of old and infirm men.”</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">They moved into Missouri Oct 2, and within a couple of day, they started "rattling their sabers." By Oct 4, he had marched 255 miles to Neosho, MO., where there were 300 Federal cavalry. Quickly surrounded and forced to surrender, Shelby captured their equipment and their horses.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> “…the doomed enemy were encompassed by a cordon of steel before they knew of a foeman near. Thorp, with his usual dash, drove their pickets into town, where they, with the main body, took refuge in a strong brick court-house, pierced and loop-holed for musketry, where they kept up a hot fire upon our advancing columns. … I ordered my cannon into position and sent two balls crashing through the walls. This was followed by an immediate demand for unconditional surrender, which… …they agreed to.” ~ Shelby</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After a short rest at Neosho, they moved on, passing through the war-ravaged Sarcoxie, which Shelby described as being, “…blackened and desolate…” Next they took the town of Bowers’ Mill, followed by Greenfield and Stockton and destroyed the fort at Stockton. All along the way they "appropriated" food and weaponry from civilians and military.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">On his way to Warsaw, he captured 30 Union supply wagons and the Union men. Although they met resistance at Warsaw, Shelby's forces outnumbered and defeated the Union. From Warsaw, Shelby wrote: “Vast quantities of all kinds of stores were captured here, with some arms and prisoners, and a strong and well provisioned fort. Thus far I had traveled ahead of all information, but now the telegraph flashed out its view-halloo, and the railroads groaned under the dire preparations to meet me, and the thunderer of Saint Louis threatened vengeance as dark as death and terrible as the grave.”</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Over the next few days, Shelby and his men moved through the towns of Cole Camp, Florence, Tipton, and Syracuse. Along the way, they captured supplies and arms, burned and destroyed bridges and railroads, and cut telegraph lines.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Shelby and his men reached the Missouri River at Boonville, however, 'trouble' was enroute in the form of Gen Egbert Brown at the head of a large force of Union troops. Shelby moved towards Marshall; Brown split his force and moved to surround Shelby.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">With Brown’s men now at both his front and rear, Shelby also split his force and made a desperate bid to escape. The 2 factions of the Iron Brigade managed to break through the Union lines and retreated, independently, to the south. Union forces stayed on Shelby's forces. On Oct 26, Shelby, with his Iron Brigade made it to Arkansas, toward the safety of the Confederate lines. The two columns reunited near Bentonville, Arkansas on Nov 3, 1863. Shelby had conducted a textbook raid, the longest raid, 1,500 miles, of the Civil War for either side.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In his final report of the raid, Shelby claimed to have killed, wounded, and captured more than 1,000 Union troops; captured and destroyed 10 forts; and captured, used, and destroyed more than $2 million worth of Union supplies, property, and railroads. Part of the "loot" included 12 ammunition wagons, and 2 pieces of artillery, $800,000 dollars in military supplies, which included 600 rifles, 40 stands of colors, 300 wagons, 6,000 horses and mules and destroyed another million dollars in enemy supplies. His own loses would be major; one man in six did not return home. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">He was promoted to Brigadier General in recognition of his success, and a saying soon became popular in the Confederate Army of the Trans-Mississippi: “You’ve heard of JEB Stuart’s ride around McClellan? Hell brother, Jo Shelby rode around Missouri!”</span><br />
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BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-26334975850496985602016-09-29T14:24:00.000-05:002016-09-29T14:24:42.214-05:00OLIVER ANDERSON HOUSE --- BATTLE OF LEXINGTON<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Oliver Anderson House is an example of the large mansion houses that prosperous, slave-holding Southerners built in Missouri in the 1840s and 1850s.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Built in 1853 by Oliver Anderson, he was born in 1794, in Nicholasville, Kentucky. He co-founded the firm of Anderson and Jackson, a successful hemp and cotton business in the 1830s. In 1819, he married and they had 10 children. Mary died in 1842, and he later remarried. In 1851 Anderson sold his portion of the hemp business and moved to Lexington, MO, where 2 of his sons had settled.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">When Anderson arrived in Lexington, it was a prosperous commercial center in a rich agricultural area. Slave-owning planters were seeing substantial profits from hemp, tobacco and cattle. Factories and warehouses lined the riverfront, and the town was home to 3 colleges. In 1860, Missouri's 5th largest town with a population of over 4,000 people, had a river front lined with factories and warehouses and 3 colleges.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In Lexington, he entered into a business partnership with his son-in-law, Howard Gratz. (Colonel J O Shelby's step-brother was Henry Howard Gratz.) </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Anderson built a large warehouse and ropewalk for the maunfacture of hemp. "A ropewalk is a long straight narrow lane, or a covered pathway, where long strands of material are laid before being twisted into rope. Due to the length of some ropewalks, workers may use bicycles to get from one end to the other.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Ropewalks historically were harsh sweatshops, and frequently caught fire, as hemp dust ignites easily and burns fiercely."~~Wikipedia</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Anderson prospered and built a large, elegant residence. The local newspaper reported in September 1853: "One noticed . . . that the new and magnificent dwelling house of Col. Anderson, on the bluff overlooking his rope walk, had grown rapidly in a short time. It is said that this building will be the largest and best arranged dwelling house west of St. Louis. The location is romantic and beautiful. . ." </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Built in the Greek Revival style, the rooms are 20 feet square with 15 foot high ceilings, and a 15 foot wide central hallway. A massive walnut staircase rises through two landings to the third floor of the house. A wing at the rear of the house has 5 smaller rooms, including an indoor kitchen, pantry and servants' quarters. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The financial panic of 1857 hit the hemp market and added to the financial downfall of Oliver Anderson. Earlier Anderson had assumed the debts of his son-in-law, Henry Gratz, which started financial problems for Anderson. In the fall of 1859, Anderson auctioned off all his real estate, personal property and slaves. The Anderson House was included in this sale, but his sons purchased the house, while another son-in-law, Thomas P. Akers, acquired the rope factory. The Anderson family was able to continue to live in the house until the Civil War.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">An advocate of slavery, he was arrested when Federal troops occupied Lexington in July 1861. The Anderson family was evicted when the home was confiscated by the Union forces for use as a hospital.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">During the Battle of Lexington, Sept. 18-20, 1861, the Anderson House changed hands 3 times on the first day of the battle. After the Southerners forced the Union defenders out of the house, the Union staged a bloody countercharge and retook it, only to be repulsed once more by the Southerners a short time later. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">During their brief reoccupation of the house, the Union troops murdered 3 Southern prisoners at the base of the grand staircase. A bullet hole remains in one of the staircase risers. The battle caused extensive damage to both the interior and exterior of the house and damage from rifle and cannon shot is still visible on the east side of the house and in several interior rooms. A cannon ball came through the attic and through the attic floor into the second floor hallway: the hole in the ceiling remains today.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After his arrest by Federal troops, he posted bond, was paroled and banished from Missouri. He returned to Kentucky and lived with his wife until her death in 1867. Six years later, Anderson died at the home of his son-in-law, Henry Gratz, in Lexington, Kentucky. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Anderson House was purchased after the war by Tilton Davis, who lived in it for 50 years and preserved the home. Reported to be haunted, in 1958, the house and portions of the nearby battlefield were donated to the state park system as part of the Battle of Lexington State Historic Site.</span>BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-53505731009912027202016-09-27T12:36:00.000-05:002016-09-27T12:36:08.103-05:00SECOND BATTLE OF LEXINGTON, MO<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">GENERAL PRICE<br /></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Second Battle of Lexington was a minor skirmish taking place on October 19, 1864, in Lexington. It formed a part of Confederate Gen Sterling Price's Missouri Expedition. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Like the first Battle of Lexington it resulted in a Confederate victory. Its overall importance, however, was not nearly as significant as the first battle, which had cemented Southern control of the Missouri Valley and significantly raised Confederate morale in the region.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In the fall of 1864, Price was dispatched by Gen Edmund Kirby Smith, to attempt to seize Missouri for the Confederacy. Unable to attack his primary objective, St. Louis, Price decided to execute Smith's back-up plan for a westward raid through Missouri and into Kansas and the Indian Territory. The ultimate goal was to destroy or capture Union supplies and outposts, which could negatively affect Abraham Lincoln's chances for reelection in 1864.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">After his victory at the Battle of Glasgow, MO, he continued his march toward Kansas City and Fort Leavenworth, headquarters of the Federal Department of Kansas. But his progress was slow which gave the Union Army a chance to concentrate their forces. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Union Gen William Rosecrans, commanding the Department of the Missouri, proposed a movement to trap Price and his army, but was unable to communicate with Gen Samuel Curtis, commander of the Department of Kansas, to formalize the plan. Curtis was experiencing difficulty because many of his soldiers were Kansas militia and they refused to enter Missouri. However, a force of about 2,000 men under the command of Gen James Blunt did set out for Lexington.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">On October 19, Price's army approached Lexington and collided with Union scouts and pickets about 2:00 PM, driving them back and engaging Blunt's main force. The Union resisted at first, but Price's army eventually pushed them through the town to its western edge, then pursued them along the Independence Road until nightfall. Deprived of Curtis's entire force, still encamped in and near Kansas City, the Union army never stood any real chance of stopping Price's force at Lexington. Blunt did, however, further slow the Confederates' already slow march and gain information on the size and make-up of Price's command. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Price's army continued its successful, although short-lived drive. His triumphs would be undone by the Battle of Westport on Oct 23. This defeat ended his campaign and ended any further significate Confederate military action in Missouri. </span><br />
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BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-16443986186677698722016-09-27T12:11:00.000-05:002016-09-27T12:36:32.731-05:00THE FIRST BATTLE OF LEXINGTON, MO The Battle of the Hemp Bales<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The First Battle of Lexington: "Battle of the Hemp Bales" </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Union held control of Missouri during the first year of the Civil War. By the end of June, the pro-secessionist governor, members of his cabinet and legislature had been driven into exile and a pro-Union government controlled the state. The tide turned on Aug 10, 1861. The Union army was soundly defeated at the bloody Battle of Wilson's Creek near Springfield, and with heavy losses, their forces scattered. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj98IRp9HbzDQpNRtIvv80RisDHkI4aC1_DEq-6W8BPQ0jQM1D__1VvtiRuT1RfAukXaZ3cToH5BKPvGy80uGpnFzCSBBhED8YPWAckwmw7x6HrhsGBSVO6WXVV04P_6NHf4lkihNscYEyH/s1600/download.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj98IRp9HbzDQpNRtIvv80RisDHkI4aC1_DEq-6W8BPQ0jQM1D__1VvtiRuT1RfAukXaZ3cToH5BKPvGy80uGpnFzCSBBhED8YPWAckwmw7x6HrhsGBSVO6WXVV04P_6NHf4lkihNscYEyH/s200/download.jpg" width="137" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gen Price</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">A Southern offensive moved up into the Missouri River valley. In late August, Gen Sterling Price, commander of the State Guard, sent his 7,000 men to the prosperous and strongly pro-South Missouri River town of Lexington, east of Kansas City. On Sep 12, he arrived in Lexington but decided to wait for the remainder of his forces, most of them veterans of Wilson's Creek. His total force would be 12,000. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">While Price was heading to Lexington, 2,700 troops under the command of Union Colonel James A. Mulligan fortified themselves inside the grounds of the Masonic College in Lexington. Just a few days before, a Union brigade of Irish soldiers from Chicago had joined the small cavalry detachment. Mulligan had raised the 23rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment in 1861, known as the "Irish Brigade." In Sep 1861, when word was received that Lexington, a vital river town, was the focus of the Missouri State Guard, he led his troops toward Lexington, MO. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKr1lnzT8lf9Qy6nEk5liJMpPace_-8pps6Vi1hPhGWg1GNZj1vuZMoaTTS78o7WEDEvL0-BXhA408kIH_CnaHGZGE3FPsOqcP_CmuV5-15tVLUwyHPEYeF4pH0km9-Y2o2SF6Qu7jQU-w/s1600/-James_A._Mulligan+-+Copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKr1lnzT8lf9Qy6nEk5liJMpPace_-8pps6Vi1hPhGWg1GNZj1vuZMoaTTS78o7WEDEvL0-BXhA408kIH_CnaHGZGE3FPsOqcP_CmuV5-15tVLUwyHPEYeF4pH0km9-Y2o2SF6Qu7jQU-w/s1600/-James_A._Mulligan+-+Copy.jpg" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">On Sep 12, skirmishes broke out between the forces but Price was waiting for the rest of his force to arrive before attacking. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Sep 17, Price’s ammunition wagons arrived. The Confederates cut the water supply. On Sep 18, Price's army mounted an all-out assault on Mulligan's troops, which failed. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Recruits poured in from the countryside and Price's army had grown to about 12,000. To the strains of "Dixie", Price's men marched through Lexington and completely encircled the college. For the next 9 hours, the Union troops received a near-continuous bombardment. The entrapped Union had run out of water by then and were suffering greatly from thirst and heat.<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDSy4vihtrQw9CsXdsZt8PZFJCLe7-favYD_rLPWVgKrRTIK6vSRh7LqWSJ2aeSpSNamtokDn3Gc7Qwxxmmhx6yNayQHA_cMO0DGK5c6BJxYgMqLhxS_6mo1o6ASkJ85GZ5TDMMeMWBxCZ/s1600/MasColRep_lex.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDSy4vihtrQw9CsXdsZt8PZFJCLe7-favYD_rLPWVgKrRTIK6vSRh7LqWSJ2aeSpSNamtokDn3Gc7Qwxxmmhx6yNayQHA_cMO0DGK5c6BJxYgMqLhxS_6mo1o6ASkJ85GZ5TDMMeMWBxCZ/s320/MasColRep_lex.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Replica of Masonic College built on original site</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">On Sep 20, the Southerners advanced on the fortification by rolling large bales of hemp in front of them. The bales had been soaked in the river so they would not catch fire. By early afternoon, the snakelike line of bales had advanced close enough to the Union trenches for a charge. A brief but bloody hand-to-hand fight took place before being driven back into their entrenchments. Mulligan and most of his officers were wounded; by 2:00 PM, Mulligan had surrendered. Price secured the town with only 25 men killed and 72 wounded. Union losses numbered 39 dead and 120 wounded.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Price was reportedly impressed by Mulligan's demeanor and conduct during and after the battle that he offered him his own horse and buggy, and had him safely escorted to Union lines.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Price captured 5 artillery pieces, 3,000 rifles, and 750 horses. Price also returned some $900,000 that had looted from the local bank; he became a hero throughout the South. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In response to the defeat at Lexington, the Union commander in Missouri, Gen John Fremont, mounted a massive force to drive Price from Missouri. In the face of this threat, Price had little choice but to retreat back to southwest Missouri. Lexington and the Missouri River Valley once again returned to Union control.</span><br />
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MONUMENT<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">East side inscription:</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3GWbvY0euGiNz93Q4VJfdtefiDYNW0zPS0uXOz2h7SxiUSfxtCvF6eXYqA01mh0138c-uHzbUxobB8E2AXkVXVyOrPARVRMZl4OFiS5WBI4ownSLkElHj5pe9jkWnI6_ZIKZQxmobS6k_/s1600/battleoflexongtonmarker_2154+-+Copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3GWbvY0euGiNz93Q4VJfdtefiDYNW0zPS0uXOz2h7SxiUSfxtCvF6eXYqA01mh0138c-uHzbUxobB8E2AXkVXVyOrPARVRMZl4OFiS5WBI4ownSLkElHj5pe9jkWnI6_ZIKZQxmobS6k_/s200/battleoflexongtonmarker_2154+-+Copy.jpg" width="159" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">"Following victories in Southwestern Missouri, Maj. Gen. Sterling Price and 10,000 men of the Missouri State Guard marched north with the objective of breaking the Federal line along the Missouri River. On Sept. 12, 1861 the Guard engaged and drove a Federal force near Warrensburg into the fortifications at Lexington. The 3,600 man garrison led by Col. James A. Mulligan, was invested that day by the Guard and the Siege of Lexington commenced. Price was joined by 8,000 volunteers from Northern Missouri, and on the 18th stormed the outer defenses and severed the fort's access to water. On the 19th the Guard deployed hemp bales as a breastwork and on the 20th rolled the bales towards the Federal line. Faced with no means of resistance, Mulligan surrendered his command, arms and equipment. The Guard recaptured the State Seal and archives, and returned to the local bank over $900,000 taken by the Federal troops. This was the most complete victory for the South in 1861."</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">West side inscription:</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwuQqux4llH9s6cgMPIJ36X2D-Oj9b7qayx4nQcRFqkOhWmUoPJyqiIpL4u_cZ2AZYOjPmDHvfF7mWo3YEfcWPOxkpQPJOXh9JPT5wNqtcm7CNyMhjsUdR-WD1PrQI5W01DEkCbCpRNOdY/s1600/300p-missouri-state-guard-monument-lexington-west-side+-+Copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwuQqux4llH9s6cgMPIJ36X2D-Oj9b7qayx4nQcRFqkOhWmUoPJyqiIpL4u_cZ2AZYOjPmDHvfF7mWo3YEfcWPOxkpQPJOXh9JPT5wNqtcm7CNyMhjsUdR-WD1PrQI5W01DEkCbCpRNOdY/s200/300p-missouri-state-guard-monument-lexington-west-side+-+Copy.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">"This monument is respectfully dedicated to the men of the Missouri State Guard, the legally established militia of the State, who first took up arms in 1861, and, marching and fighting under the blue battle flag of their beloved Missouri, did their whole duty as God gave them light to see that duty, and sacrificed everything but honor, in the defense of their State's sovereignty and the cause of constitutional rights."</span><br />
<br />BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-16574676724819352622016-09-27T11:51:00.000-05:002016-09-27T11:52:28.746-05:00LEXINGTON, MO<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;">Leaving Marshall, I head out of town on Hwy 65 toward Waverly and Lexington. At Waverly, I took Hwy 24, 25 miles west to Lexington to visit the Lexington Battlefield State Historic Site. After my Lexington visit - it was back to Waverly for a few sites and then pick up Hwy 65 north.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;">This area of Missouri was settled primarily by folks from Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia. They brought their slaves, culture and traditions with them and soon it became known as "Little Dixie." They cultivated crops similar to those "back home" -- hemp and tobacco. In 1860 slaves made up more than 25% of the county's population. Residents generally supported the Confederacy during the Civil War. The exception being the Germans and German Americans also settled in the area. They tended to be pro-abolitionist and supported the Union.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Lexington, located on the bluffs of the Missouri River, was platted in 1822. Lexington's founder, Gilead Rupe, established the first ferry in 1819. In 1823, Lexington became the county seat of Lafayette County.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">John Aull opened a mercantile store in 1822; his brothers James and Robert soon joined. The Aull Brothers were soon operating stores in Independence, Westport, and Liberty. Farmers and planters who specialized in hemp, tobacco and cattle arrived. With the emphasis on trade and agriculture, Lexington and Lafayette County had one of the largest slave populations in the state.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Lexington was the largest city west of St. Louis in the 1830s and '40's, a major center for merchants and outfitters as trappers, traders, and emigrants heading west on the Sante Fe trail, California Trail, Oregon Trail, and the Mormon Trail. In the 1840s, Russell, Majors and Waddell, the largest trading firm in the West, established its headquarters in Lexington. In the 1850s, these men had 3500 wagons carrying goods from Missouri to Sacramento, Denver, and other points, and in 1860, they would found the Pony Express.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Steamboat trade was profitable and the wharf became the center of commerce. In 1852, Lexington witnessed one of the worst steamboat accidents in Missouri. The side-wheeler Saluda, carrying 250 Mormons heading to Salt Lake City, had an explosion in the boilers, killing over 150 people. Lexington families adopted many children orphaned by the blast. Coal mines, some of the first in the state, were dug into the river bluffs to provide fuel for river steamers.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwAxA0-_lWhDxSe9B-TjI0vVxgIxKV8DqTgk4iKG0XFpnxO6D2hCnHSQkjgjJ8lpdc30ZR5IR9sXxiCcCq5YpoFVxOfSwXv0Bu-363HM4B84QY1epqQ81wolSFJq0h6epV4ZnmGZtxwjd_/s1600/Lex+Canon.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwAxA0-_lWhDxSe9B-TjI0vVxgIxKV8DqTgk4iKG0XFpnxO6D2hCnHSQkjgjJ8lpdc30ZR5IR9sXxiCcCq5YpoFVxOfSwXv0Bu-363HM4B84QY1epqQ81wolSFJq0h6epV4ZnmGZtxwjd_/s320/Lex+Canon.PNG" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Greek Revival Lafayette County Courthouse, built in 1847, is the oldest courthouse in continuous use west of the Mississippi. The cannonball from the first Battle of Lexington stuck in one of the upper pillars of the Courthouse has become a symbol for the town.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Masonic College, also built in the Greek revival style, operated from 1847 to 1857 and after the Civil War, it housed the Central College for Women. The Gothic Revival Christ Episcopal Church, built in 1848, has an interior finished in walnut. Lexington is still home to over 150 homes and public buildings built before the Civil War.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Lexington was the site of 2 battles during the Civil War. The Battle of Lexington is commonly known as the Battle of the Hemp Bales. Confederate Gen Sterling Price led his forces against the Union forces garrisoned in the old Masonic College and commanded by Col James Mulligan.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Second Battle of Lexington occurred during Price's Missouri Expedition on October 19, 1864.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Lexington was known as a center for Quantrill's Raiders during the war. Two months after the Civil War ended, many guerrilla fighters had refused to honor the cease-fire and finally decided to take advantage of the special Federal amnesty and turn themselves in at Lexington. While riding into town, reportedly under a white flag, they were fired upon by Union soldiers from the 2nd Wisconsin Cavalry, and Jesse James was severely wounded in the right lung. Later the James-Younger Gang targeted the Alexander Mitchell bank in Lexington for the second daylight bank robbery in US history. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9GUOlcnL2n11zOU3ofQlnlVzo7PWwOrd1LBfnA283NDW_bT62ttF094zkDbyn7Bg1qRdcm-NlzpcpmfGuEEdzfStErXnGtMVq2gKHzwvN1MtYMPr-nmyUupXUO7hglCkJNUwNKi6RebmN/s1600/Arch.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9GUOlcnL2n11zOU3ofQlnlVzo7PWwOrd1LBfnA283NDW_bT62ttF094zkDbyn7Bg1qRdcm-NlzpcpmfGuEEdzfStErXnGtMVq2gKHzwvN1MtYMPr-nmyUupXUO7hglCkJNUwNKi6RebmN/s200/Arch.jpg" width="147" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">ARCHIE CLEMENT</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In December 1866, Archie Clement, an accomplice of the James brothers and perhaps the most notorious of all the guerrilla fighters, terrorized the town and was shot from his horse and killed by a sniper perched in the second floor of the Courthouse. "Little Arch" known for his brutality towards Union soldiers and pro-Union civilians in Missouri. By 17 he was a Lt in "Bloody" Bill Anderson's guerrilla company and soon became known as Anderson's Head Devil.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">After the Civil War, Lexington was replaced by Kansas City as the largest city in western Missouri and was known as The Athens of Missouri. In part due to the arrival of the transcontinental railroad and due to the number of institutions for higher learning. Especially significant were 3 schools for women, the Elizabeth Aull Seminary, Lexington Baptist Female College, and Central College for Women. For men there was the Masonic College and the Wentworth Male Academy.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Wentworth Military Academy & College remains in Lexington and is the oldest Military school west of the Mississippi. Founded in 1880 as Hobson’s Select School for Boys, a year later, the school became Wentworth Male Academy when the school’s benefactor, Stephen Wentworth, purchased the school and re-named it in memory of his son, William. Today the Academy also accepts women. Park University shares classroom space with the Wentworth Junior College.</span><br />
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BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-88906793706270719672016-09-26T19:18:00.001-05:002016-09-26T19:18:06.311-05:00BATTLE OF MARSHALL, MO<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Missouri, a state divided, was vulnerable to cavalry raids. The area of Marshall, MO was often called "Little Dixie" because of the number of families living in the area from the southern states of Kentucky and Tennessee. Confederate Colonel J. O. Shelby's raiders departed Arkadelphia, Arkansas, on Sep 22, 1863 on their raid through Missouri and arrived in Marshall the middle of October, 1863.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The civil war Battle of Marshall was fought on Oct 13, 1863. The day long battle, primarily fought within the town,, had approximately 1,800 Union troops commanded by Gen Egbert Brown against about 1200 confederate raiders led by Col J O Shelby. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Confederates had to charge across a deep ravine facing heavy rifle fire from the Union. This was an overwhelming task and Shelby's men fell back. Then Shelby put 2 units against the Union center. Three charges were repelled. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As the Union militia was finally beginning to mass and concentrate their forces into a strong defense,The Union force attempted to encircle and divide Shelby's troops but Shelby and his raiders fought their way out. Shelby divided his forces and withdraw from the state.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Union forces pressed the 2 columns of Shelby's raiders hard as they retreated toward Arkansas. The raiders were forced to destroy their train of captured goods. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Battle of Marshall was the culminating event of Shelby's 1863 Raid into Missouri from Southern Arkansas.</span><br />
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<br />BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-9370352680484168642016-09-25T19:15:00.000-05:002016-09-25T19:20:18.397-05:00MARSHALL, MISSOURI & JIM, THE WONDER DOG <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Once I approach Marshall, MO, there are 3 towns that have history that includes Colonel J O Shelby and his raid through Missouri...Marshall, Waverly and Lexington.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtheuJe2o0vPrfRhOz10BBDvadfNRyKLZlpiR-4yBBhTSU0_EJCT5ZtFAS8oupS_0dMACi6xdjCwGlTgNvmXB7y2iR9DdM7EdmfTJBoYzstlL9WK61Izjs01KaNNZ_jTlrtq5-94UKDm1W/s1600/courthsemarmo.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtheuJe2o0vPrfRhOz10BBDvadfNRyKLZlpiR-4yBBhTSU0_EJCT5ZtFAS8oupS_0dMACi6xdjCwGlTgNvmXB7y2iR9DdM7EdmfTJBoYzstlL9WK61Izjs01KaNNZ_jTlrtq5-94UKDm1W/s320/courthsemarmo.PNG" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Sixty-five acres of land was donated by Jeremiah O’Dell and deeded on April 13, 1839 for the town of Marshall, named for the US Supreme Court Chief Justice, John Marshall. After 2 fires, the current Saline County Courthouse was constructed in January 1882. It is on the National Register of Historic Places. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Sante Fe Trail passed just north of Marshall and is still celebrated with Sante Fe Days.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">MARKER SANTE FE TRAIL </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">1821-1872</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Marked by the Daughters of the American Revolution</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">and the State of Missouri </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">During the Civil War, Union troops were posted at Marshall. Although strategically unimportant, the town saw 2 Confederate raids and is the site of the Battle of Marshall. It was, however, the culmination of J O Shelby's Confederate raid through Missouri that led to the Confederate loss of the state.</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">World War I "Doughboy" statue at the Court House</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">During the 1920s & '30s, the Nicholas-Beazley Airplane Company was an American aircraft manufacturer headquartered inn Marshall. At its peak, it was producing one aircraft per day, however, the depression closed the doors in 1937. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">During the 1930s, Marshall was enamored with the abilities of Jim, The Wonder Dog, probably the town's most famous citizen.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Missouri Valley College is a private, 4 year liberal arts college affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. On October 27, 1874, representatives of several Presbyterian synods met to discuss founding the school. Founded in 1889, the school has 27 academic majors and an enrollment close to 1,800 students. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">JIM THE WONDER DOG</span></h4>
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Marshall is home to Jim the Wonder Dog. During the 1930's, Jim puzzled psychologists from Washington University, St. Louis, and University of Missouri in Columbia with his amazing ability to understand. Dr. A. J. Durant, director of the School of Veterinary Medicine, examined Jim and could find nothing physically abnormal. He was tested by a group of college students and passed each command. Dr Durant concluded that Jim, "possessed an occult power that might never come again to a dog in many generations."<br />
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Jim was a Llewellyn Setter born of pureblood champion field stock in Louisiana. His litter mates were selling for $25 each, a considerable sum in 1925, but he was considered lacking the necessary quality to hunt. Sam Van Arsdale purchased him for less than half of the amount of the other pups.<br />
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All attempts to field train Jim seemed to fail. He didn't seem to show much interest during training sessions, however, as soon as he was taken to the field he proved to be an outstanding quail dog. On the hunt, he knew where the quail were and refused to hunt where they weren't. Van Arsdale traveled many states hunting and, over the years, kept track of birds shot with Jim at his side. He stopped counting at 5,000, a total no other dog had reached. Outdoor Life Magazine termed him "The Hunting Dog of the Country".<br />
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Jim's story says that his amazing abilities were discovered by accident during a hunt, when Van Arsdale told him they should rest under a nearby Hickory tree. A variety of trees to choose from, Jim went to the hickory tree. Amazed, he asked Jim to go to a walnut, then a cedar, a stump, and a tin can, which he did rapidly and without error.<br />
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It was as if Jim could not only understand what Van Arsdale was commanding, but soon would exhibit talents "beyond human". His list of abilities included finding a specific car, with a specific license plate number, or a car by color, or from another state. It is reported that he could also pick out, from a crowd, specific people of the community, whether they knew Jim or not.<br />
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Van Arsdale also communicated commands to Jim in foreign languages and short hand. After his performance at the Missouri State Fair in Sedalia, newspaper and magazine writers came to witness Jim and wrote of incredulous things they saw. Jim's fame spread. Featured in Ripley's Believe it or Not, at the height of his talents, Jim had the ability to predict the future. Jim picked the winner of the Kentucky Derby 7 years in a row. He also predicted the Yankee victory in the 1936 World Series and the sex of unborn babies.<br />
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Called before a joint session of the Missouri Legislature, Jim was put through one of the biggest tests, a communication method even Van Arsdale didn't understand...Morse Code. Attempting to debunk the dogs amazing abilities, and believing that Van Arsdale was somehow "guiding" the dog, the code was tapped out instructing Jim to go to a specific person, which to the astonishment of the Legislators, he did.<br />
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In 1935 Jim performed at the Kemmerer Hotel in Kemmerer, Wyoming. After his successful perfomance, an article was written in the Gazette of Kemmerer on Friday, August 30, 1935, telling of this performance and referring to Jim as "The Wonder Dog".<br />
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Over the years, Sam Arsdale kept Jim close by, always worried he would be kidnapped or harmed by gambling interests or others. He refused offers from food companies to use his amazing pet in their advertising.<br />
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When Jim died, March 18, 1937, at the age of 12, the Van Arsdales asked that he be buried in Ridge Park Cemetery. The sexton agreed to burial just outside the cemetery fence, "since Jim was smarter than most people in here, anyhow." Over the years, the cemetery eventually expanded around Jim.<br />
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Marshall, MO has great affection for Jim. In 1999, Jim the Wonder Dog Memorial Gardens was dedicatedand is located on the site once occupied by the Ruff Hotel where Jim lived with his owner Sam VanArsdale, the hotel manager. Wonder Dog Day is held in Marshall on May 16, and there is a Wonder Dog Museum in town.<br />
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BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-30354151477114504432016-09-23T13:58:00.002-05:002016-09-23T13:58:41.027-05:00Otto Frederick Rohwedder & Sliced Bread<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Otto Frederick Rohwedder of Davenport, Iowa, invented the first loaf-at-a-time bread slicing machine. In 1917 a fire broke out at the factory where Rohwedder was manufacturing his machine and destroyed, not only, his prototype, but the plans and blueprints. It was not until 1928 that he had a fully working machine ready. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Born in Davenport, Iowa, in 1880, the son of Claus and Elizabeth Rohwedder, he was the next to youngest of 6 children. He lived in Davenport until he was 21, attended public schools and apprenticed to a jeweler. He attended Northern Illinois College or Ophthalmology and Otology in Chicago, graduating in 1900, but became a jeweler as a career. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">He became the owner of 3 jewelry stores in St. Joseph, MO, and used his work with watches and jewelry to finance his inventions. Convinced he could develop a bread slicing machine, he sold his jewelry stores to fund the development and manufacture of the machine. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In 1927 Rohwedder successfully designed a machine that not only sliced the bread but wrapped it. He applied for patents and sold the first machine to a friend and baker Frank Bench, who installed it at the Chillicothe Baking Company, in Chillicothe, MO, in 1928. The first loaf of sliced bread was sold commercially on July 7, 1928. Sales of the machine to other bakeries increased and sliced bread became available across the country.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A baker in St. Louis bought his second machine and developed a better way to have the machine wrap and keep bread fresh. In 1930 Continental Baking Company introduced Wonder Bread as a sliced bread. By 1932 the availability of standardized slices had boosted sales of 'pop-up" toasters, a 1926 invention of Charles Strite. In 1933 American bakeries, for the first time, produced more sliced than unsliced bread loaves.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Rohwedder sold his patent rights to the Micro-Westco Co. of Bettendorf, IA; he joined the company as vice-president and sales manager of the Rohwedder Bakery Machine Division.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In 1951 Rohwedder at age 71 retired from Micro-Westco Co. and moved with his wife to Albion, Michigan. He died on November 8, 1960. </span><br />
<br />BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-69115960682458961262016-09-23T13:33:00.000-05:002016-09-23T13:33:39.389-05:00CHILLICOTHE MO -- Home of Sliced Bread<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Leaving Sedalia, I wasn't sure how far I would get. I was about 300 miles from my destination, Marshalltown, IA. I knew I wouldn't have time to make the stops I had planned and get to my sisters before I 'pooped out!" So....I headed off to Chillicothe MO, less than 100 miles straight up Highway 65. Planned stops included the murals at Chillicothe, a battle field or two, the Mormon village at Garden Grove, Iowa -- and anything else that would strike my fancy as I drove on up the road. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">On July 6, 1928, Chillicothe became the birthplace to one of the greatest innovations of modern times...sliced bread! Chillicothe Baking Company founder, Frank Bench, took a chance on a mechanized loaf-at-a-time bread-slicing machine invented by an Iowa-born, Missouri-based jeweler, Otto Rohwedder. Just one week after introducing sliced bread to his customers, Bench’s sales increased by 2,000%! </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Settled in the early 1830s and first incorporated August 13, 1851, Chillicothe's proximity to major travel routes made it a good location for business, manufacturing, and as a livestock and agricultural trading center.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The name "Chillicothe" is Shawnee for "big town". There is also a Chillicothe, Ohio, Ohio being the original home of the Shawnee.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Osage and Missouria were in the area when French explorers and traders arrived. By 1800 the Shawnee and Iowa had migrated here. The Shawnee, originally from the Ohio Country, were under increased pressure from the more aggressive Iroquois, a situation they had experienced since prior to the Revolutionary War. Their arrival had displaced the Osage. The Shawnee made their major villiage, known as <i>Chillidothi</i>, about a mile from the present-day city. Other Native American tribes in the area were the Sac and Fox, and Pottawatomi.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In the early 19th century, European-American migration to Missouri increased. The area was settled by immigrants from Ohio and other "Old Northwest" states.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The original survey of Chillicothe filed for record August 31, 1837 and was incorporated as a city March 1, 1855. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In 1859 the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad was completed into town. From that time on Chillicothe made a slow, steady growth. The growth accelerated in 1886 when the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad arrived. That year also saw the introduction of the "Water Works" and electric lights.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">During the last two decades of the 19th century, Chillicothe was a center for education with the Chillicothe Normal School (later Chillicothe Business College), the State Industrial Home for Girls, the Chillicothe Conservatory of Music, the Chillicothe Normal School and Maupin’s Commercial College.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Driving around town looking for the murals, I was in awe of the beauty of the old buildings, recovered after removing "modern" false fronts. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">CHILLICOTHE MURALS</span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">This mural depicts Webster Street on the north side of the square</span></h4>
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<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">in downtown Chillicothe circa 1916.</span></h4>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg53JP7ckbnomX2VvbA1Cnfhsu0i93cBfZiqbmAtXDm5yCtWPQapyLp_uLx3OsKNPS-I9pNU9-6oe1k8LCDF6C-lE8867ofXuOGOxH9lNSbsGnpcD7jxhoiPAiReplbb0ucxdctMafC5uLa/s1600/DSCN0624.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg53JP7ckbnomX2VvbA1Cnfhsu0i93cBfZiqbmAtXDm5yCtWPQapyLp_uLx3OsKNPS-I9pNU9-6oe1k8LCDF6C-lE8867ofXuOGOxH9lNSbsGnpcD7jxhoiPAiReplbb0ucxdctMafC5uLa/s320/DSCN0624.JPG" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Lobby of Citizens Bank & Trust circa 1907. </span></h4>
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<span style="clear: right; float: right; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFqN3X_COTGbJzsrksWGb8zZJmrOu-1CjBBwzKvSIP_k4XoBf5L8h1Ys1AjX7GwTIoQkRUQyQlxOwGxe1IVgt_dCsdPDK3su8xGccbiUghCDE7FhZUB3i1e2Gr9kntzIpZGNUZ7gk9D52C/s1600/DSCN0627.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="174" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFqN3X_COTGbJzsrksWGb8zZJmrOu-1CjBBwzKvSIP_k4XoBf5L8h1Ys1AjX7GwTIoQkRUQyQlxOwGxe1IVgt_dCsdPDK3su8xGccbiUghCDE7FhZUB3i1e2Gr9kntzIpZGNUZ7gk9D52C/s320/DSCN0627.JPG" width="320" /></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Window in Time: As if looking through a window in time, this mural showcases pieces</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">of Chillicothe’s history including five multi-generational businesses </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">still in existence and many others where people have lifelong</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">memories. What was once a blank wall now paints a portrait of </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">many life stories and serves as a community conversation piece.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-LfhM7p9OhHspGgA0qCN1Kn-Z-cvQ3jxJA_6t4KQfGxFlxC7iTYX2CG7ExDQL2OL3gKQmwNuwSyLAM4VCb-U4YRQsGU2E_qNi2Jd78y1NIF-rm4bnzaFxMRqOe597RwQ2LnNElBW1PDyY/s1600/DSCN0636.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: start;"><img border="0" height="165" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-LfhM7p9OhHspGgA0qCN1Kn-Z-cvQ3jxJA_6t4KQfGxFlxC7iTYX2CG7ExDQL2OL3gKQmwNuwSyLAM4VCb-U4YRQsGU2E_qNi2Jd78y1NIF-rm4bnzaFxMRqOe597RwQ2LnNElBW1PDyY/s320/DSCN0636.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ44AfNxDgqgD2eIc2SHZAmhFWhcZ6JO16Ned0I8vFnpK3-s2nEmw-8_HXM1L2tFGKvKmI_VbAkAymMfEYQreILn0Emg15FRJKPSu-4lkZaav0f_-sjNYD6AlYE5wttNwIns7zQLp8AU8I/s1600/DSCN0629.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="114" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ44AfNxDgqgD2eIc2SHZAmhFWhcZ6JO16Ned0I8vFnpK3-s2nEmw-8_HXM1L2tFGKvKmI_VbAkAymMfEYQreILn0Emg15FRJKPSu-4lkZaav0f_-sjNYD6AlYE5wttNwIns7zQLp8AU8I/s320/DSCN0629.JPG" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Palace of Fashion Mural showcases</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">a vibrant, early 1900s women’s apparel and hat store. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The mural itself is a piece of</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">work. Using the French technique of trompe-l’oeil (trick the eye),</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">this mural entertains the illusion of the once existent upper level</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">staircase and balcony.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk2m8CboVkj6_1fdzx2s9dcQ-YCMHitFTr9WPkmT2t-bMRaYzsf4i9gMgvHwgIzVOHekkimHprqb_1iq2cNx1ZFVWrf1LKFpOWgJAXR4sMVPVe7QUboila00muErL9JZ0tSs-0YqWS-WYm/s320/DSCN0635.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pre-World War I Chillicothe street scene. Train Depot shown at the end of the street.</td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk2m8CboVkj6_1fdzx2s9dcQ-YCMHitFTr9WPkmT2t-bMRaYzsf4i9gMgvHwgIzVOHekkimHprqb_1iq2cNx1ZFVWrf1LKFpOWgJAXR4sMVPVe7QUboila00muErL9JZ0tSs-0YqWS-WYm/s1600/DSCN0635.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"></span></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwcOXvj60EaBUXU36R5BPvTOhCV2ORrC8ds3rxbusUCZXzc_3822s16sL3RtAeXuSnPyvSdndML4Bp8DFPf_0pmHPNdljqcjoMMigRR2BUzZIg6Z5W5kLyq2Untt1kVbF3m0AvoyW-C53l/s320/DSCN0645.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Locust Street, 1890</span></h4>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwcOXvj60EaBUXU36R5BPvTOhCV2ORrC8ds3rxbusUCZXzc_3822s16sL3RtAeXuSnPyvSdndML4Bp8DFPf_0pmHPNdljqcjoMMigRR2BUzZIg6Z5W5kLyq2Untt1kVbF3m0AvoyW-C53l/s1600/DSCN0645.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Even some of the businesses get 'into the act." </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">On a building that houses a store for the hunting and fishing</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYQNm3mfuwOOGMNUU50AcozO6_dEdOpplbtRXPO0iu7Na6AA4JDAJi9fyUR6t5gYdD5wJQeLWBBvHLUbMEzqICGy335ks-xyEj6XbWZ5HANDN3cAtYYfHreT_hTw5YduoV12dreJlnGkWb/s1600/DSCN0641.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="122" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYQNm3mfuwOOGMNUU50AcozO6_dEdOpplbtRXPO0iu7Na6AA4JDAJi9fyUR6t5gYdD5wJQeLWBBvHLUbMEzqICGy335ks-xyEj6XbWZ5HANDN3cAtYYfHreT_hTw5YduoV12dreJlnGkWb/s400/DSCN0641.JPG" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Radio Station: The Wave</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDVp9jnDOXquWfsIOlJZ6lbQ8z-HZ9TKtlHNXe6liEV3NGEI1T76ruCAhtTGQzYg37dWgYAUN1ovuBCFg8KRS0pgZaUR0GGBKocOPY2hxRiNK9di1aMwHqIA8xnqjxsWOWzbwctzaB0KAk/s1600/DSCN0649.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDVp9jnDOXquWfsIOlJZ6lbQ8z-HZ9TKtlHNXe6liEV3NGEI1T76ruCAhtTGQzYg37dWgYAUN1ovuBCFg8KRS0pgZaUR0GGBKocOPY2hxRiNK9di1aMwHqIA8xnqjxsWOWzbwctzaB0KAk/s400/DSCN0649.JPG" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A "Ghost" sign from days gone by</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcwLFthgAuKrf6fwUQWDh7mwx8Xnru7-Jb0nTvYvK0jrf1kmwvHyOMlSqKizg5YqTTotF0L05NP5ba-zr3bZPYQm3FMhi3c8NrQqW8EHN2TpXlkUiqbX34pxL8i0Al1HnsHnqn4Q3sjd4o/s1600/DSCN0643.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcwLFthgAuKrf6fwUQWDh7mwx8Xnru7-Jb0nTvYvK0jrf1kmwvHyOMlSqKizg5YqTTotF0L05NP5ba-zr3bZPYQm3FMhi3c8NrQqW8EHN2TpXlkUiqbX34pxL8i0Al1HnsHnqn4Q3sjd4o/s400/DSCN0643.JPG" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-91669872649603699032016-09-22T16:00:00.002-05:002016-09-22T16:00:51.768-05:00RATHER THAN SURRENDER....<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKAKh90KekjNIgjpWMpQjeZvAnFtobYwEFrMfCm5ECwFrvShTi3_0NL41m-KBNDj-Ni1VadUDhikuP4MIlAEwH5E4uyu-zNk5fzGsC9_ZW3ao0ttntNmgD2DgxaBkPW4agjOal54fr2N_9/s1600/Meriwether_Jeff_Thompson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKAKh90KekjNIgjpWMpQjeZvAnFtobYwEFrMfCm5ECwFrvShTi3_0NL41m-KBNDj-Ni1VadUDhikuP4MIlAEwH5E4uyu-zNk5fzGsC9_ZW3ao0ttntNmgD2DgxaBkPW4agjOal54fr2N_9/s200/Meriwether_Jeff_Thompson.jpg" width="133" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">General M. Jeff Thompson's command was widely dispersed throughout northeast Arkansas at the end of the war. In March 1865, as commander of the Northern Sub-District of Arkansas, he agreed to surrender his command at Chalk Bluff, Arkansas on May 11, 1865. His men were ordered to assemble at Wittsburg and Jacksonport, Arkansas, lay down their arms and receive their paroles. Some units disbanded rather than surrender their colors; many just went home. About a 1/3 of his men refused to surrender. J O Shelby's Missouri Brigade, along with elements of Green's and Jackman's Missouri Brigades, headed for Mexico. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Most men on the parole lists actually served in the unit with which they surrendered. Some men, having seen no service, attached themselves to various regiments solely for the purpose of surrendering. They thought that having a parole would provide them, former confederates, with protection from arrest or capture.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheVCQtuP4TGj3Xoewei9AMisnAetkE5Mt4gkNuZuEv6JjOoDwsuLQ7tEs-tdqS45Zi8M5ToNlyqr7HtXfGxav4radyHY3bVmRdfzhOAkzB7lpK_gbKtfohFpB0q6SjO7u_Gwp5LFV2w2PT/s1600/sterling+price.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheVCQtuP4TGj3Xoewei9AMisnAetkE5Mt4gkNuZuEv6JjOoDwsuLQ7tEs-tdqS45Zi8M5ToNlyqr7HtXfGxav4radyHY3bVmRdfzhOAkzB7lpK_gbKtfohFpB0q6SjO7u_Gwp5LFV2w2PT/s1600/sterling+price.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Also, following the war, General Sterling Price took his troops to Mexico rather than surrender. Price became leader of a Confederate exile colony in Carlota, Veracruz, but when the colony proved to be a failure and he was unsuccessful in seeking service with the Emperor Maximillian, he returned to Missouri. </span>BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-24885888396901817942016-09-22T10:55:00.000-05:002016-09-22T10:55:00.458-05:00GENERAL M. JEFF THOMPSON<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB1gVLQZAUU-XJwkUAEyxm9XXg-qgJE0esPJ4sJ5rAYsaLTSl4dFS-2-q9Lr82D7_suoglWP_vh1RmdV6XlugT69_3YMi22IVhQ7HLALhAayZhotObQ8xyV7qw9Faiy7Bac7mQZ0nC9wum/s1600/Meriwether_Jeff_Thompson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB1gVLQZAUU-XJwkUAEyxm9XXg-qgJE0esPJ4sJ5rAYsaLTSl4dFS-2-q9Lr82D7_suoglWP_vh1RmdV6XlugT69_3YMi22IVhQ7HLALhAayZhotObQ8xyV7qw9Faiy7Bac7mQZ0nC9wum/s320/Meriwether_Jeff_Thompson.jpg" width="213" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Meriwether Jeff Thompson was born at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, now West Virginia. Following his education, he found employment as a store clerk throughout Virginia and Pennsylvania, then moved to Liberty, MO in 1847. The following year, he moved to St. Joseph, MO. Starting as a store clerk, he took up surveying and served as the city engineer. He later supervised the construction of the western branch of the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad. He married Emma Hayes in 1848.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Thompson was a colonel in the Missouri State Militia at the outbreak of the Civil War. In late July 1861, he was appointed brigadier general of the First Division, Missouri State Guard. He commanded the First Military District of Missouri, which covered the swampy southeastern quarter of the state from St. Louis to the Mississippi River. Thompson's battalion soon became known as the "Swamp Rats" and he was referred to as the "Swamp Fox of the Confederacy." Although Thompson frequently petitioned for the Confederate rank of brigadier general it was never granted. His brigadier rank came from his Missouri State Guard service.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">When Union General John C. Fremont issued an *emancipation proclamation to free the slaves in Missouri, Thompson declared a counter-proclamation and his force of 3,000 soldiers began raiding Union positions near the border in October. On October 15, 1861, Thompson led a cavalry attack on the Iron Mountain Railroad bridge over the Big River near Blackwell, southwest of St Louis. After successfully burning the bridge, Thompson retreated to join his infantry in Fredericktown, south of St Louis. Soon afterwards, he was defeated at the Battle of Fredericktown and withdrew, leaving southeastern Missouri in Union control.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> * <u>The Frémont Emancipation</u> was part of a military proclamation issued by Major General John C. Frémont on August 30, 1861 in St. Louis. The proclamation placed the state of Missouri under martial law and decreed that all property of those bearing arms in rebellion would be confiscated, including slaves, and that confiscated slaves would subsequently be declared free. It also imposed capital punishment for those in rebellion against the federal government. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In 1862, Thompson was reassigned to the Trans-Mississippi region, where, accompanying General John Marmaduke, he engaged battles in Arkansas and accompanied Marmaduke on his raid into Missouri. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Thompson was captured in August in Arkansas, and spent time in St. Louis' Gratiot Street prison, as well as at the Fort Delaware and Johnson's Island prisoner-of-war camps. "Poor old Jeff, how my heart went out to him; he a prisoner and his devoted wife in a madhouse". ~~<i> My Life and My Lectures</i> by Major Lamar Fontaine, a prisoner with Thompson in Fort Delaware.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In 1864 he was exchanged for a Union general. Later that year, Thompson participated in Major General Sterling Price's Missouri expedition, taking command of J O Shelby's famed "Iron Brigade" when Shelby became division commander.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After the war, he returned to civil engineering and went to New Orleans. He designed a program for improving the Louisiana swamps, a job that eventually destroyed his health. He returned to St. Joseph, Missouri in 1876 where he died of tuberculosis, September 5, 1876 at the age of 50. </span>BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-20694881899511536842016-09-22T10:45:00.001-05:002016-09-22T10:45:08.867-05:00SCOTT JOPLIN<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo8uN5V7LzR7lf9nafMPGi5Ew2zGz2NXeR78iiPnQZLEt4Fzkd2MQrL0ORdztBOXWVwcqqH9sQCusOEV6nMbMf61v7CRLX1sc79SGkafOOWT2FGhe6bmPPaNxOIkoZk-o3QVRsH2qjH6eX/s1600/ScottJoplin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo8uN5V7LzR7lf9nafMPGi5Ew2zGz2NXeR78iiPnQZLEt4Fzkd2MQrL0ORdztBOXWVwcqqH9sQCusOEV6nMbMf61v7CRLX1sc79SGkafOOWT2FGhe6bmPPaNxOIkoZk-o3QVRsH2qjH6eX/s200/ScottJoplin.jpg" width="183" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Born, November 24, 1868, into a musical family of railway laborers in Northeast Texas, Joplin grew up in Texarkana where he formed a vocal quartet, and taught mandolin and guitar. He was the 2nd of 6 children born to Giles Joplin, an ex-slave from North Carolina, and Florence Givens, a freeborn African-American woman from Kentucky. Scott Joplin's father had played the violin for plantation parties in North Carolina, and his mother sang and played the banjo. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There were few opportunities for black pianists other than churches and brothels. During the late 1880s he left his job as a laborer with the railroad, and traveled the South as an itinerant musician. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Joplin moved to Sedalia, Missouri, in 1894 and earned a living as a piano teacher. Joplin began publishing music in 1895, and publication of his "Maple Leaf Rag" in 1899 brought him fame. "Maple Leaf Rag", became ragtime's first and most influential hit and influenced subsequent writers of ragtime. It also brought the composer a steady income for life, though Joplin did not reach this level of success again and frequently had financial problems.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">He went to Chicago for the World's Fair of 1893, which played a major part in making ragtime a national craze by 1897.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In 1901 Joplin moved to St. Louis and continued to compose and publish music, and regularly performed in the St. Louis community. The score to his first opera "A Guest of Honor" was confiscated in 1903 with his belongings because of a non-payment of bills, and is now considered lost.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">He continued to compose and publish music, and in 1907 moved to New York City to find a producer for a new opera without much monetary success. His second opera, "Treemonisha," was not received well at its performance in 1915.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">By 1916 Joplin was suffering dementia as a result of syphilis. He was admitted to a mental institution in January 1917, and died there 3 months later at the age of 49. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Joplin's death is widely considered to mark the end of ragtime as, over the next few years, it evolved with other styles into stride, jazz, and big band swing. His music was rediscovered in the early 1970s with the release of a million-selling album by Joshua Rifkin. This was followed by the Academy Award–winning 1973 movie "The Sting" that featured several of his compositions including "The Entertainer". </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Dubbed the "King of Ragtime Writers", wrote 44 original ragtime pieces, one ragtime ballet, and 2 operas. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The opera "Treemonisha" was finally produced to wide acclaim in 1972. In 1976, Joplin was posthumously awarded a Pulitzer Prize.</span>BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-62056157395102387672016-09-22T10:36:00.001-05:002016-09-22T10:39:41.384-05:00SEDALIA, MISSOURI<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVJmXU4sCL-EOeabRZedERZrVm22RK2fDTowjY2Phrt2b-QK1YKAn38iiN2k4MeIcphZpWRFLt8LquLzj0CV5FcerHiLryJHk6g4M-L62PLmk9m9-PEFZwNBUUz3J2_cnNniwFFlJyvt4m/s1600/katydepot1.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVJmXU4sCL-EOeabRZedERZrVm22RK2fDTowjY2Phrt2b-QK1YKAn38iiN2k4MeIcphZpWRFLt8LquLzj0CV5FcerHiLryJHk6g4M-L62PLmk9m9-PEFZwNBUUz3J2_cnNniwFFlJyvt4m/s400/katydepot1.PNG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">KATY DEPORT, SEDALIA MO</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Indigenous people lived along the Missouri River and its tributaries for thousands of years before Europeans came. The Osage occupied the area prior to European-American settlements. The Shawnee, who had migrated from east of the Mississippi River, also lived here.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Founded by General George Rappeen Smith, who also founded nearby Smithton, MO, when he purchased 503 acres of land and recorded the first plat of the new town he named Sedville in Nov 30,1857. It was named after his daughter Sarah, known as "Sed". He began selling parcels in 1858 for $75 per lot. Until October 16, 1860, it was re-platted as “Sedalia”, the town existed only on paper. Through Smith’s efforts, in 1861, Sedalia became the terminus of the Pacific Railroad.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The town council changed the name from Sedville to Sedalia because "towns that end in -ville don't amount to anything."~~ Historian, Lawrence Ditton Sr. Josiah Dent, of St. Louis, suggested the change "for the sake of euphony."</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">During the Civil War, due to the rail road, it became a strategic location and a federal military post. Following close behind the military, were the businesses, merchants and traders attracted by the military. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Though it escaped most Civil War battles, Confederate troops shelled the town October 15, 1864. Despite the presence of Union soldiers, the town was taken over by Confederate forces made up of about 1,500 of Gen J O Shelby's Iron Brigade cavalry associated with Gen Sterlilng Price's Missosui Expedition. They surrounded the town, overpowered the Union militia under command of Col John Crawford and Lt Col John Parker, and began to loot and sack the town. Once Confederate Gen M. Jeff Thompson arrived, he ordered the men to stop the destruction and moved them on, leaving Sedalia in Union hands.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In the post-Civil War period, many of the Union soldiers who had been assigned to Sedalia recognized its potential and chose stay. The population grew and soon 2 new railroads were constructed connecting to new locations. From 1866–1874, it was a railhead for cattle drives; the stockyards occupied a large area. At the same time, the town established schools, churches, and other civic amenities.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The summer of 1865 marked the beginning of a great building boom in Sedalia. The town’s first flour mill started and by 1868, and by 1868 gas works were providing lighting.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As starting point for many trade routes to Texas and American Indian Territory, it remained an active center of trade even after wagons were replaced by trains. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In 1866, 260,000 head of cattle left Texas in the first cattle drive from Texas. Between confrontations with American Indians, the rugged Ozarks woodlands, angry farmers fearful of diseased cattle, and outlaws, the challenges of the Sedalia Trail kept all but a few steers from reaching town. Soon, the Chisholm Trail to Abilene, Kansas was the route of choice, however, Sedalia maintained stockyards to receive cattle from drives and shipping through much of the 19th century. Chicago slaughterhouses were willing to pay almost any price for beef. Longhorns worth $3 or $4 each in Texas would bring 10 times that amount in Chicago and it only cost about $1 per head to drive a herd north.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In the 1870’s, the Missouri Pacific Railroad established, not only a depot, but a shop for car repair and a roundhouse for engine storage and repair. In addition to its depot, a roundhouse for the MKT Railroad was also built. The milling industry grew and foundries were built for the production of building materials. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Several events hindered the town’s prosperity during the 1870s: a financial crisis, the Panic of 1873; a smallpox epidemic in 1873; an arson fire of the Court House; entire city blocks were burned due to wood construction; and in 1875, a plague of grasshoppers destroyed crops.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">And, the bane of all frontier and railroad towns, prostitution, came to Sedalia, following the large transient population of railroad workers, commercial travelers and salesmen, and cowboys! In 1877 the St. Louis Post-Dispatch called Sedalia the “Sodom and Gomorrah of the nineteenth century.” Money from the fines charged prostitues filled the city coffers so tax increases on the general public weren't needed. Well-known ragtime composeer and pianist, Scott Joplin got his start in Sedalia's brothels.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Along with playing piano at the Maple Leaf Club, a gentleman's club and bar, he played cornet in the Queen City Concert Band in 1894 and studied music theory at George R. Smith College. Joplin’s popular “Maple Leaf Rag” was published in Sedalia in 1899, becoming the first piece of U.S. sheet music to sell more than 1 million copies.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Salvation Army opened its doors in Sedalia, MO in 1886. William Booth, a British Methodist preacher who founded The Salvation Army, traveled from England to attend the event. When Captain George Parks was asked by The Sedalia Democrat why Booth chose Sedalia, Parks responded, "Because Sedalia is a desperately wicked city and if souls can be won to Christ in Sedalia, they can be won to Christ anywhere." Later Parks was severely beaten in downtown Sedalia and died from his wounds at his home in Chicago, making him the first martyr for The Salvation Army in the United States.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Bottling works, both soda and beer, were opened in Sedalia in the 1880s. Two new brickyards supplied Sedalia by the 1880s. The first telephone was installed in August, 1880 and by 1881,over 200 telephones were in use.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Prohibition in 1919 affected a number of businesses. The Moerschel Brewery closed, as did many of the town’s saloons. A railroad strike in 1922 shut down the shops in Sedalia and idled 2,500 workers. The stock market crash of October 1929 and the Great Depression hit Sedalia hard; Life Magazine declared Sedalia the city second hardest hit in the entire U.S. In 1932, 3 banks had closed and 2 others were limiting withdrawals.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Things started looking up when, in 1932, a route through Sedalia was chosen to become part of the north-south route, U.S. Highway 65, while an east-west route through town was also chosen to become part of U.S. 50. Sedalia would be at the junction of these 2 new highways. </span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwn9eqoetyGyoV7NDeTUr1dWZD96BHnj9cbiE7jIVrSxvkJXoe1Rf-prBfsJYQ6SBdv-6heFAR-ooWolsnRPWTXhPG1SoCF9cScLl3LhqojvIW-dpXgYALm_J1yQ-urkb4Zzs0MeaSAsPU/s1600/Whiteman-.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwn9eqoetyGyoV7NDeTUr1dWZD96BHnj9cbiE7jIVrSxvkJXoe1Rf-prBfsJYQ6SBdv-6heFAR-ooWolsnRPWTXhPG1SoCF9cScLl3LhqojvIW-dpXgYALm_J1yQ-urkb4Zzs0MeaSAsPU/s200/Whiteman-.jpg" width="155" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">2LT GEORGE WHITMAN<br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">During World War II, the military built Sedalia Glider Base to the west of the city. After the war, this facility was transferred to the Strategic Air Command and converted to a bomber base, the Whiteman Air Force Base. The facility was named after 2nd LT George Allison Whitman, born in Sedalia, Oct. 12, 1919, and Killied In Action during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Dec 7, 1941, age 22. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Sedalia found itself in a down-turn, economically, as the railroads declined. In the 1960s, modern manufacturing companies started building facilities away from the center of town. And, by the 1990s, employers, such as Levi Strauss, moved jobs to other countries. Again the city was in decline.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Although many buildings were lost due to neglect, lack of use, and fires, in 1993, the Sedalia Commercial Historic District was entered into the National Register of Historic Places. Sixty eight building were sited in the initial request; 46 more buildings were added to the Register in 2009. </span><br />
<div>
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BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-17966086279044477092016-09-20T08:38:00.002-05:002016-09-20T08:38:42.994-05:00COLE CAMP MISSOURI~~ No pictures -- too much rain!!<br />
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Frequently on
this trek, it was like meeting up with "old friends." I am
finding the same names and military units in the battles that took
place throughout Arkansas and Missouri as I found on my trip north
last summer though Oklahoma and Kansas. It's always good to see ol'
friends again!</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">I was looking
forward to visiting the battlefield monument at Cole Camp (the
battlefield has not been preserved), but Mother Nature and the
Highway Department had a different idea. The drizzle turned from
showers to a gully-washer and as I neared the intersection were I
would turn to go to the monument, I was greeted with a ROAD CLOSED
sign. It went on to say, “Local Traffic Only,” but not being
familiar with the roads, I decided to turn around and head back to
the highway. I left the last of my daisies at the Road Closed sign –
I guess my 'friends” will understand!</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">I'll make Sedalia
before supper time – it's only about 30 miles north of Cole
Camp....wish the rain would stop!</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Cole Camp
Missouri is situated in Missouri where “the prairie and the
Ozarks meet.” South of the Missouri River, in west-central
Missouri, the hills 'gently roll' and the inclines aren't quite so
steep!<span lang="en"> </span> Settled by Ezekiel Williams and the
southern families that followed him from Virginia, Williams named the
town when he established <span lang="en">a post office in 1830</span>.
By <span lang="en">the 1840s</span>,<span lang="en"> German
immigrants arrived. </span>
</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">By the time of
the Civil War, crossroads of 4 highly traveled roads came through or
passed near Cole Camp. Any information or troop movements about the
state would eventually pass through the area. Today, wi<span lang="en">th
a rich German heritage</span>, <span lang="en">downtown, dating from
the late 1800s, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places
with many of the 19</span><sup><span lang="en">th</span></sup><span lang="en">
century structures preserved. </span> <span lang="en"> </span>
</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Missouri was a
state divided; many of the settlers in the area were from the south
and held their southern sentiments. Those from the north, east or
immigrants tended to be pro-Union abolitionists. Suspicion and
hostilities were ever-present.
</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">On June 19, 1861,
o<span lang="en">ne of the first Civil War battles in Missouri, was
fought just outside town. The “German Regiment, Missouri
Volunteers” clashed with units of the Missouri State Guard fleeing
south with Governor Jackson. The skirmish is reenacted every 2 years
by descendants of those men.</span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Battle of
Cole Camp showed the brutality of the unconventional warfare of the
time, the division and prejudices in small, rural communities, and it
was glimpse of what the next 4 years would hold.
</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Earlier in the
year, Missouri had found itself in a conflict between the pro-Union
military and the pro-secessionist governor. As negotiations in St.
Louis ended, Gov Claiborne Jackson and his general, Sterling Price,
hoping for the protection of the Confederacy, were on the run towards
the southwestern Missouri.
</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">On June 15, 1861,
Union Gen Lyon occupied the capitol, Jefferson City. Two days later,
he routed the Missouri State Guard assembling with Gov Jackson at
Boonville. As the Governor and his guard headed toward southwest
Missouri, Lyon authorized Union-loyal communities to establish and
arm Home Guards for protection and to interfere with Jackson's
retreat.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">At Cole Camp,
Abel Cook was commissioned to enlist men for the Home Guard. Rallies
were held on June 11 & 12 and over 900 Benton County men, mostly
Germans, gathered and established "Camp Lyon." Of the
initial 900 men, most were sent home; Cook had access to only 400
smooth-bore muskets.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">On a ridge
between the farms of John Heisterberg and Henry Harms, the guard
established their camp. German immigrants made up the core of the
guard and very few had any military experience. There were no
officers, so they were elected by popular vote. Lack of experience
led to numerous problems, compounded by an abundance of whiskey and
lack of discipline. The men were over-confident, poorly trained,
lacked weapons and ammunition and in 6 days they would meet a force
they were incapable of handling.
</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Twenty miles
south, a pro-secession force was gathered at Warsaw. Captain Walter
O'Kane and Major Thomas Murray organized 2 units with a combined
force of 350, with 100 mounted. O'Kane was put in command.
</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">With scouting
information from Benton County Sheriff B. W. Keown, the State Guard
planned a march to open a route for Governor Jackson during his
retreat and while they were in the area, they could attack the “hated
Dutch.” From the sheriff's reports, they decided to advance at
night.
</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Keown had gone to
Camp Lyon to “arrest” Cook and Mitchell; they refused to submit.
The "arrest" was actually cover for his real mission of
gathering intelligence. A Confederate victory would assure the
Governor and the Missouri State Guard, along with their sympathizers,
would have clear passage as they fled Union Gen Lyon.
</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Warsaw unit
carried a Union flag used to get by pickets and soldiers. On June
19th, shortly after midnight, as they marched up the Butterfield
Trail, they encountered a Unionist, John Tyree. Tyree reported the
incident to Cook, however, Cook did not take his report seriously.
As Tyree was returning from Camp Lyon, O'Kane's men captured him,
tied him to a tree and shot him as a spy.
</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Around 3:00 AM
the State Guard arrived at Camp Lyon. The cavalry was sent to attack
from the southwest, the infantry unfurled a Union flag, confusing the
Union guards, who were bayoneted before they could sound the alarm or
fire a shot.
</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The rebels rushed
the Heisterberg barn, shouting, “No mercy for the Dutch!” firing
into the barn killing 15 to 20 sleeping soldiers and wounding many
more. About 400 men were in camp, 125 asleep in the barns, with the
muskets stacked outside; the men were caught off-guard. No one had
suspected any danger. There had extensive drinking the night before
and the men were sleeping when the attack began.
</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">At the sound of
gunfire, the soldiers began to fire into the Southerners flank,
pushing them back until they regrouped and again attacked the barn,
now empty except for dead and wounded. The Union soldiers, out of
ammunition, retreated to the woods.
</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">A company of Home
Guard under Union Capt Elsinger, just north of the barn, responded.
Due to a lack of ammunition, they were forced to withdraw as the
State Guard cavalry flanked them and chased them to the woods. Due
to dense undergrowth, the cavalry did not follow.
</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">South, at the
Harms barn, Union men under Capt Grother and Capt Mueller formed up
to join the battle. They saw the approaching Union flag and before
they knew what was happening, the Southerners fired on them, killing
many, causing the untrained men to retreat.
</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In the chaos and
panic, the Union Home Guard abandoned nearly every weapon; 362 of
400, fell into the hands of the State Guard. The bloodiest battle
the Civil War had seen to date was over in 30 minutes. The
Confederate victory opened a path for the fleeing governor and the
Missouri State Guard.
</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">By dawn, the
State Guard troops, managed to confiscate all of the available
whiskey! Harassment of the prisoners ensued. One German spoke little
English, was shot because he stated he was a cook, not a soldier, and
in their drunken state they believed him to be the Home Guard
commander, Able Cook.
</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Women from nearby
farms took care of the wounded under under a flag of truce and the
“walking wounded' were taken as prisoners back to Warsaw.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nearly a third of
the German’s were casualties, somewhere around 35 to 40 dead, 60
wounded and 25 to 30 had been captured. O'Kane's force captured 362
muskets with bayonets that would prove useful at the battles of
Carthage and Wilson's Creek. Secessionist losses were 7 killed and 25
wounded.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Home Guard
Commander, Capt Cook, left at the beginning of the fight, stating a
need to consult with Capt Totten of Lyon's forces. However, his men
believed he fled the fight. His command ended in July and his widow
was denied a pension after the war.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">When O'Kane's men
joined up with other Missouri State Guard units, their experience
provided a morale boost to the rest of the force.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Sheriff Keown was
captured along with 683 other Missouri State Guardsmen on December 19
in the Skirmish at Blackwater Creek. As a result of his actions at
Cole Camp, he was charged with spying and robbing loyal citizens. He
died in prison on April 16, 1862 before he could be brought to trial.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">People who study
the Missouri conflicts know little about the events in Cole Camp.
According to historian Robert L. Owens, “The most logical
explanation is that the two forces involved were hastily
thrown-together, rag-tag outfits with no regular officers or forces
involved so there were no reports or details.”</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">An eyewitness to
the event at Cole Camp, Friedrich Schnake, stated that he believed
Union Gen Lyon took “no measure to pursue the retreating
Confederates” and that he “remained quietly with his men in Camp
Cameron, near Boonville, until 3 July, as if nothing happened.” He
believed Lyon disliked and distrusted Germans, 95% of the Benton
County Home Guard. Although some information 'leaked' out about the
skirmish, Lyon did not file an official report. Lyon would meet his
fate at Wilson’s Creek; ironically, his battle plan partner was a
native German, Col Franz Sigel.
</span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The question
remains as to why the Battle of Cole Camp has fallen into obscurity?
Why has it never received the attention that other battles have, with
equal or less casualties? Larger battles over-shadow the events at
Cole Camp and the defeat was seen as an embarrassment. Official
reports seem to be non-existent. Cole Camp is not listed as one of
the battles by the National Park Services Civil War Battle Summaries,
nor has the battlefield been preserved.</span></div>
BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92954550111539943.post-74930495245720220372016-09-18T21:26:00.000-05:002016-09-18T21:26:41.504-05:00THE TURKS, THE JONESES AND THE SLICKER WAR<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Many settlers in the Ozarks came from Appalachia and, consequently, Ozark traditions mirrored those of Appalachia, whether in music, crafts, or feuds. West Virginia had its Hatfields and McCoys; Benton County, MO, had the Turks and the Joneses. Their feud, and its aftermath, lasted about 12 years. It started as a family affair, but soon spread across county lines and became something akin to a vigilante movement. It was known as the Slicker War.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The word "slicker" referred to the form of punishment for criminal behavior. The Slicker organization originated in Benton County, MO about 1841. Slickers (vigilantes) were organized for the purpose of breaking up a band of horse thieves and counterfeiters who had their headquarters in the hills of Benton county. Similar organizations were formed in other parts of the State and were known by the general name, "Slickers." </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The thieves and counterfeiters were hunted down and "tried," then tied to a tree and "slicked" or whipped him with hickory swithes. He was then told to leave the country, which, usually, they were glad to do. Some, determined to be 'ringleaders' were executed. Later, when new county lines were drawn between Polk and Benton counties, they were separated by Hickory county! </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In some instances the very thieves and counterfeiters became members of the "societies," leading to extreme violence. As the violence became unbearable to the citizens, anti-Slicker groups organized. This increased the rage/war between the opposing factions. Many were killed, wounded, or maltreated. This did restore some peace and security, but instead of disbanding, they continued their activities and soon began to punish the innocent with the guilty. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The feud in Warsaw, MO was between Hiram Turk, with his 3 sons, and Andy Jones and his 4 sons. What started out as a family affair, soon involved more people and it would last for several years.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Colonel Hiram Turk came to Benton County with his wife and four sons: James, Thomas, Nathan and Robert, from Tennessee, settling in an area known as Judy’s Gap. Colonel Turk had served in the Tennessee militia. A businessman in Tennessee, he opened up a general store and saloon in Warsaw, MO. The family was described as being courteous and well-educated, but also had a reputation for being “quarrelsome, violent and overbearing."</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Andy Jones family, from Kentucky, settled along the Pomme de Terre River, a tributary of the Osage River. Jones and his sons had a penchant for gambling, horse racing and were suspected of counterfeiting. They were said to be coarse and likely illiterate as they always signed their names by a mark.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Tensions between the families began on Election Day, 1840, when Andy Jones walked into Hiram’s store being used as the polling place. Jones started an argument with James Turk about a horse race bet and fight ensued as Hiram and his other sons joined in, his son Tom pulled a knife. No one was seriously injured but a few days later Tom, James and Robert Turk were indicted for inciting a riot and fined $100. Hiram and James were indicted for assaulting Andy Jones, however, Hiram and James’ trial was delayed, until the April 1841 term. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Circuit Court convened on April 3, 1841. Abraham Nowell, a respected citizen, was the chief witness against the Turks. Nowell was on his way to court with Julius Sutliff, a neighbor of the Turks, when James Turk assaulted him. Abraham Nowell, in self-defense, grabbed Sutliff’s gun and killed James Turk.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Nowell, fearing Turk family retribution, fled the area but, in September returned and turned himself into the Sheriff. He was arrested and posted bail awaiting trial in April 1842. Nowell was acquitted, possibly on the strength of testimony against James Turk. One witness, John Prince, testified:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> "I heard James Turk say that Mr. Nowell was a main witness, and never should give in evidence against them, that he intended to take the damned old son of a bitch off his horse and whip him, so he could not go to court. Turk further said that if they took the case to Springfield he would have him (Nowell) fixed so he never would get there."</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Turks got their revenge. On the morning of Oct 18, 1842, they shot Neowell dead as he was coming out of his house. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">During the spring of 1841 when James was killed, Hiram and Tom had filed a number of “nuisance” lawsuits against their neighbors. After James was killed the tensions between the Turks and Joneses heated up again.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A relative of the Joneses, James Morton, had killed an Alabama sheriff in 1830 and fled to Benton County MO. On May 20, 1841, McReynolds, a bounty hunter, brought indictment papers to the Benton County sheriff. The sheriff was unconvinced that the evidence was sufficient to warrant Morton’s arrest.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The reward for Morton’s capture was $400 and McReynolds, determined to bring Morton to justice, recruited the Turks to assist him. The Turks were successful and after turning him over, McReynolds took him back to Alabama where he was acquitted. He later returning to Missouri. Meanwhile, Hiram Turk had been charged with kidnapping; the charges were dropped. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This escalated the tension. Andy Jones and his family vowed revenge on the Turks. In early July 1841, Jones entered to an agreement with some of his friends to kill Hiram Turk. They went so far as to draw up a binding agreement among all co-conspirators – anyone who divulged the secret plot to kill Hiram would himself be killed.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">On July 17 Hiram Turk was ambushed; he never fully recovered and died at his home on Aug 10, 1841.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Since the Circuit Court was still in session, Andy Jones and several of his friends were indicted for the murder of Hiram Turk. On Dec 9, 1841, Andy Jones was acquitted, the jury deciding that there was insufficient evidence to convict him. One friend, Jabez Harrison, later confessed that he and Andy, along with 3 other men were hiding in the brush. He accused Henry Hodges of firing the shot. Some of the co-conspirators, including Hodges, fled the area.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The unsuccessful attempt to convict Andy Jones of Hiram’s murder was when the so-called Slicker War began in earnest; the Turks would not be satisfied until they had exacted their own brand of “frontier justice,” driving the Joneses out of the Ozarks.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Each side formed their own alliances. Just like Andy Jones had made a binding agreement with his friends to kill Hiram Turk, Tom Turk made a similar one with at least 30 of his friends. To make it more palatable, they publicly declared their purpose was to drive out horse thieves, counterfeiters and murders.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The slickings continued, each side determined to drive the other out of the county. The Joneses formed their own alliance known as “Anti-Slickers." As it turns out the “Anti-Slickers” were no better than the “Slickers.” The entire community took sides.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The feud ended, or at least died down, after the state arrested 38 Slickers in the attack of Samuel Yates, an innocent farmer. The case never went to trial. Tom Turk was later killed by one of his own posse members. Andy Jones fled to Texas and Nathan Turk followed him. When Jones was arrested for stealing horses, Nathan’s testimony helped convict him, he was found guilty and hanged.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Nathan Turk would later be killed in a gunfight in Shreveport, Louisiana. Mrs. Turk and her remaining son Robert returned to Kentucky. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Although the Turks and Joneses were dead or gone, hard feelings and random acts of violence by their former compatriots continued for more than a decade.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<br />BillyMaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00040852316747390981noreply@blogger.com0